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<a name="Process-Record-and-Replay"></a>
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<p>
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Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="Stack.html#Stack">Stack</a>,
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Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="Reverse-Execution.html#Reverse-Execution">Reverse Execution</a>,
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Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="index.html#Top">Top</a>
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</div>
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<h2 class="chapter">7 Recording Inferior's Execution and Replaying It</h2>
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<p><a name="index-process-record-and-replay-456"></a><a name="index-recording-inferior_0027s-execution-and-replaying-it-457"></a>
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On some platforms, <span class="sc">gdb</span> provides a special <dfn>process record
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and replay</dfn> target that can record a log of the process execution, and
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replay it later with both forward and reverse execution commands.
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<p><a name="index-replay-mode-458"></a>When this target is in use, if the execution log includes the record
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for the next instruction, <span class="sc">gdb</span> will debug in <dfn>replay
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mode</dfn>. In the replay mode, the inferior does not really execute code
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instructions. Instead, all the events that normally happen during
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code execution are taken from the execution log. While code is not
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really executed in replay mode, the values of registers (including the
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program counter register) and the memory of the inferior are still
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changed as they normally would. Their contents are taken from the
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execution log.
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<p><a name="index-record-mode-459"></a>If the record for the next instruction is not in the execution log,
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<span class="sc">gdb</span> will debug in <dfn>record mode</dfn>. In this mode, the
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inferior executes normally, and <span class="sc">gdb</span> records the execution log
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for future replay.
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<p>The process record and replay target supports reverse execution
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(see <a href="Reverse-Execution.html#Reverse-Execution">Reverse Execution</a>), even if the platform on which the
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inferior runs does not. However, the reverse execution is limited in
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this case by the range of the instructions recorded in the execution
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log. In other words, reverse execution on platforms that don't
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support it directly can only be done in the replay mode.
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<p>When debugging in the reverse direction, <span class="sc">gdb</span> will work in
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replay mode as long as the execution log includes the record for the
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previous instruction; otherwise, it will work in record mode, if the
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platform supports reverse execution, or stop if not.
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<p>For architecture environments that support process record and replay,
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<span class="sc">gdb</span> provides the following commands:
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<a name="index-target-record-460"></a>
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<a name="index-target-record_002dfull-461"></a>
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<a name="index-target-record_002dbtrace-462"></a>
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<a name="index-record-463"></a>
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<a name="index-record-full-464"></a>
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<a name="index-record-btrace-465"></a>
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<a name="index-record-btrace-bts-466"></a>
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<a name="index-record-btrace-pt-467"></a>
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<a name="index-record-bts-468"></a>
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<a name="index-record-pt-469"></a>
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<a name="index-rec-470"></a>
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<a name="index-rec-full-471"></a>
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<a name="index-rec-btrace-472"></a>
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<a name="index-rec-btrace-bts-473"></a>
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<a name="index-rec-btrace-pt-474"></a>
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<a name="index-rec-bts-475"></a>
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<a name="index-rec-pt-476"></a>
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<dl><dt><code>record </code><var>method</var><dd>This command starts the process record and replay target. The
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recording method can be specified as parameter. Without a parameter
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the command uses the <code>full</code> recording method. The following
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recording methods are available:
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<dl>
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<dt><code>full</code><dd>Full record/replay recording using <span class="sc">gdb</span>'s software record and
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replay implementation. This method allows replaying and reverse
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execution.
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<br><dt><code>btrace </code><var>format</var><dd>Hardware-supported instruction recording. This method does not record
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data. Further, the data is collected in a ring buffer so old data will
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be overwritten when the buffer is full. It allows limited reverse
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execution. Variables and registers are not available during reverse
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execution. In remote debugging, recording continues on disconnect.
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Recorded data can be inspected after reconnecting. The recording may
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be stopped using <code>record stop</code>.
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<p>The recording format can be specified as parameter. Without a parameter
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the command chooses the recording format. The following recording
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formats are available:
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<dl>
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<dt><code>bts</code><dd><a name="index-branch-trace-store-477"></a>Use the <dfn>Branch Trace Store</dfn> (<acronym>BTS</acronym>) recording format. In
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this format, the processor stores a from/to record for each executed
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branch in the btrace ring buffer.
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<br><dt><code>pt</code><dd><a name="index-Intel-Processor-Trace-478"></a>Use the <dfn>Intel Processor Trace</dfn> recording format. In this
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format, the processor stores the execution trace in a compressed form
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that is afterwards decoded by <span class="sc">gdb</span>.
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<p>The trace can be recorded with very low overhead. The compressed
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trace format also allows small trace buffers to already contain a big
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number of instructions compared to <acronym>BTS</acronym>.
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<p>Decoding the recorded execution trace, on the other hand, is more
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expensive than decoding <acronym>BTS</acronym> trace. This is mostly due to the
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increased number of instructions to process. You should increase the
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buffer-size with care.
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</dl>
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<p>Not all recording formats may be available on all processors.
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</dl>
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<p>The process record and replay target can only debug a process that is
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already running. Therefore, you need first to start the process with
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the <kbd>run</kbd> or <kbd>start</kbd> commands, and then start the recording
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with the <kbd>record </kbd><var>method</var> command.
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<p><a name="index-displaced-stepping_002c-and-process-record-and-replay-479"></a>Displaced stepping (see <a href="Maintenance-Commands.html#Maintenance-Commands">displaced stepping</a>)
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will be automatically disabled when process record and replay target
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is started. That's because the process record and replay target
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doesn't support displaced stepping.
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<p><a name="index-non_002dstop-mode_002c-and-process-record-and-replay-480"></a><a name="index-asynchronous-execution_002c-and-process-record-and-replay-481"></a>If the inferior is in the non-stop mode (see <a href="Non_002dStop-Mode.html#Non_002dStop-Mode">Non-Stop Mode</a>) or in
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the asynchronous execution mode (see <a href="Background-Execution.html#Background-Execution">Background Execution</a>), not
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all recording methods are available. The <code>full</code> recording method
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does not support these two modes.
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<p><a name="index-record-stop-482"></a><a name="index-rec-s-483"></a><br><dt><code>record stop</code><dd>Stop the process record and replay target. When process record and
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replay target stops, the entire execution log will be deleted and the
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inferior will either be terminated, or will remain in its final state.
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<p>When you stop the process record and replay target in record mode (at
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the end of the execution log), the inferior will be stopped at the
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next instruction that would have been recorded. In other words, if
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you record for a while and then stop recording, the inferior process
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will be left in the same state as if the recording never happened.
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<p>On the other hand, if the process record and replay target is stopped
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while in replay mode (that is, not at the end of the execution log,
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but at some earlier point), the inferior process will become “live”
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at that earlier state, and it will then be possible to continue the
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usual “live” debugging of the process from that state.
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<p>When the inferior process exits, or <span class="sc">gdb</span> detaches from it,
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process record and replay target will automatically stop itself.
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<p><a name="index-record-goto-484"></a><br><dt><code>record goto</code><dd>Go to a specific location in the execution log. There are several
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ways to specify the location to go to:
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<dl>
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<dt><code>record goto begin</code><dt><code>record goto start</code><dd>Go to the beginning of the execution log.
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<br><dt><code>record goto end</code><dd>Go to the end of the execution log.
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<br><dt><code>record goto </code><var>n</var><dd>Go to instruction number <var>n</var> in the execution log.
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</dl>
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<p><a name="index-record-save-485"></a><br><dt><code>record save </code><var>filename</var><dd>Save the execution log to a file <samp><var>filename</var></samp>.
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Default filename is <samp><span class="file">gdb_record.</span><var>process_id</var></samp>, where
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<var>process_id</var> is the process ID of the inferior.
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<p>This command may not be available for all recording methods.
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<p><a name="index-record-restore-486"></a><br><dt><code>record restore </code><var>filename</var><dd>Restore the execution log from a file <samp><var>filename</var></samp>.
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File must have been created with <code>record save</code>.
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<p><a name="index-set-record-full-487"></a><br><dt><code>set record full insn-number-max </code><var>limit</var><dt><code>set record full insn-number-max unlimited</code><dd>Set the limit of instructions to be recorded for the <code>full</code>
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recording method. Default value is 200000.
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<p>If <var>limit</var> is a positive number, then <span class="sc">gdb</span> will start
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deleting instructions from the log once the number of the record
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instructions becomes greater than <var>limit</var>. For every new recorded
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instruction, <span class="sc">gdb</span> will delete the earliest recorded
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instruction to keep the number of recorded instructions at the limit.
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(Since deleting recorded instructions loses information, <span class="sc">gdb</span>
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lets you control what happens when the limit is reached, by means of
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the <code>stop-at-limit</code> option, described below.)
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<p>If <var>limit</var> is <code>unlimited</code> or zero, <span class="sc">gdb</span> will never
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delete recorded instructions from the execution log. The number of
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recorded instructions is limited only by the available memory.
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<p><a name="index-show-record-full-488"></a><br><dt><code>show record full insn-number-max</code><dd>Show the limit of instructions to be recorded with the <code>full</code>
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recording method.
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<br><dt><code>set record full stop-at-limit</code><dd>Control the behavior of the <code>full</code> recording method when the
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number of recorded instructions reaches the limit. If ON (the
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default), <span class="sc">gdb</span> will stop when the limit is reached for the
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first time and ask you whether you want to stop the inferior or
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continue running it and recording the execution log. If you decide
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to continue recording, each new recorded instruction will cause the
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oldest one to be deleted.
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<p>If this option is OFF, <span class="sc">gdb</span> will automatically delete the
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oldest record to make room for each new one, without asking.
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<br><dt><code>show record full stop-at-limit</code><dd>Show the current setting of <code>stop-at-limit</code>.
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<br><dt><code>set record full memory-query</code><dd>Control the behavior when <span class="sc">gdb</span> is unable to record memory
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changes caused by an instruction for the <code>full</code> recording method.
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If ON, <span class="sc">gdb</span> will query whether to stop the inferior in that
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case.
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<p>If this option is OFF (the default), <span class="sc">gdb</span> will automatically
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ignore the effect of such instructions on memory. Later, when
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<span class="sc">gdb</span> replays this execution log, it will mark the log of this
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instruction as not accessible, and it will not affect the replay
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results.
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<br><dt><code>show record full memory-query</code><dd>Show the current setting of <code>memory-query</code>.
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<p><a name="index-set-record-btrace-489"></a>The <code>btrace</code> record target does not trace data. As a
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convenience, when replaying, <span class="sc">gdb</span> reads read-only memory off
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the live program directly, assuming that the addresses of the
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read-only areas don't change. This for example makes it possible to
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disassemble code while replaying, but not to print variables.
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In some cases, being able to inspect variables might be useful.
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You can use the following command for that:
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<br><dt><code>set record btrace replay-memory-access</code><dd>Control the behavior of the <code>btrace</code> recording method when
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accessing memory during replay. If <code>read-only</code> (the default),
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<span class="sc">gdb</span> will only allow accesses to read-only memory.
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If <code>read-write</code>, <span class="sc">gdb</span> will allow accesses to read-only
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and to read-write memory. Beware that the accessed memory corresponds
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to the live target and not necessarily to the current replay
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position.
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<br><dt><code>set record btrace cpu </code><var>identifier</var><dd>Set the processor to be used for enabling workarounds for processor
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errata when decoding the trace.
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<p>Processor errata are defects in processor operation, caused by its
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design or manufacture. They can cause a trace not to match the
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specification. This, in turn, may cause trace decode to fail.
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<span class="sc">gdb</span> can detect erroneous trace packets and correct them, thus
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avoiding the decoding failures. These corrections are known as
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<dfn>errata workarounds</dfn>, and are enabled based on the processor on
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which the trace was recorded.
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<p>By default, <span class="sc">gdb</span> attempts to detect the processor
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automatically, and apply the necessary workarounds for it. However,
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you may need to specify the processor if <span class="sc">gdb</span> does not yet
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support it. This command allows you to do that, and also allows to
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disable the workarounds.
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<p>The argument <var>identifier</var> identifies the <span class="sc">cpu</span> and is of the
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form: <var>vendor</var><code>:</code><var>procesor identifier</var>. In addition,
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there are two special identifiers, <code>none</code> and <code>auto</code>
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(default).
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<p>The following vendor identifiers and corresponding processor
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identifiers are currently supported:
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<p><table summary="">
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<tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="10%"><code>intel</code>
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</td><td valign="top" width="90%"><var>family</var>/<var>model</var>[/<var>stepping</var>]
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<br></td></tr></table>
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<p>On GNU/Linux systems, the processor <var>family</var>, <var>model</var>, and
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<var>stepping</var> can be obtained from <code>/proc/cpuinfo</code>.
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<p>If <var>identifier</var> is <code>auto</code>, enable errata workarounds for the
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processor on which the trace was recorded. If <var>identifier</var> is
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<code>none</code>, errata workarounds are disabled.
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<p>For example, when using an old <span class="sc">gdb</span> on a new system, decode
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may fail because <span class="sc">gdb</span> does not support the new processor. It
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often suffices to specify an older processor that <span class="sc">gdb</span>
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supports.
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<pre class="smallexample"> (gdb) info record
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Active record target: record-btrace
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Recording format: Intel Processor Trace.
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Buffer size: 16kB.
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Failed to configure the Intel Processor Trace decoder: unknown cpu.
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(gdb) set record btrace cpu intel:6/158
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(gdb) info record
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Active record target: record-btrace
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Recording format: Intel Processor Trace.
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Buffer size: 16kB.
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Recorded 84872 instructions in 3189 functions (0 gaps) for thread 1 (...).
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</pre>
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<p><a name="index-show-record-btrace-490"></a><br><dt><code>show record btrace replay-memory-access</code><dd>Show the current setting of <code>replay-memory-access</code>.
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<br><dt><code>show record btrace cpu</code><dd>Show the processor to be used for enabling trace decode errata
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workarounds.
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<p><a name="index-set-record-btrace-bts-491"></a><br><dt><code>set record btrace bts buffer-size </code><var>size</var><dt><code>set record btrace bts buffer-size unlimited</code><dd>Set the requested ring buffer size for branch tracing in <acronym>BTS</acronym>
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format. Default is 64KB.
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<p>If <var>size</var> is a positive number, then <span class="sc">gdb</span> will try to
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allocate a buffer of at least <var>size</var> bytes for each new thread
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that uses the btrace recording method and the <acronym>BTS</acronym> format.
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The actually obtained buffer size may differ from the requested
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<var>size</var>. Use the <code>info record</code> command to see the actual
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buffer size for each thread that uses the btrace recording method and
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the <acronym>BTS</acronym> format.
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<p>If <var>limit</var> is <code>unlimited</code> or zero, <span class="sc">gdb</span> will try to
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allocate a buffer of 4MB.
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<p>Bigger buffers mean longer traces. On the other hand, <span class="sc">gdb</span> will
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also need longer to process the branch trace data before it can be used.
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<br><dt><code>show record btrace bts buffer-size </code><var>size</var><dd>Show the current setting of the requested ring buffer size for branch
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tracing in <acronym>BTS</acronym> format.
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<p><a name="index-set-record-btrace-pt-492"></a><br><dt><code>set record btrace pt buffer-size </code><var>size</var><dt><code>set record btrace pt buffer-size unlimited</code><dd>Set the requested ring buffer size for branch tracing in Intel
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Processor Trace format. Default is 16KB.
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<p>If <var>size</var> is a positive number, then <span class="sc">gdb</span> will try to
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allocate a buffer of at least <var>size</var> bytes for each new thread
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that uses the btrace recording method and the Intel Processor Trace
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format. The actually obtained buffer size may differ from the
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requested <var>size</var>. Use the <code>info record</code> command to see the
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actual buffer size for each thread.
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<p>If <var>limit</var> is <code>unlimited</code> or zero, <span class="sc">gdb</span> will try to
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allocate a buffer of 4MB.
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<p>Bigger buffers mean longer traces. On the other hand, <span class="sc">gdb</span> will
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also need longer to process the branch trace data before it can be used.
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<br><dt><code>show record btrace pt buffer-size </code><var>size</var><dd>Show the current setting of the requested ring buffer size for branch
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tracing in Intel Processor Trace format.
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<p><a name="index-info-record-493"></a><br><dt><code>info record</code><dd>Show various statistics about the recording depending on the recording
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method:
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<dl>
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<dt><code>full</code><dd>For the <code>full</code> recording method, it shows the state of process
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record and its in-memory execution log buffer, including:
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<ul>
|
|
<li>Whether in record mode or replay mode.
|
|
<li>Lowest recorded instruction number (counting from when the current execution log started recording instructions).
|
|
<li>Highest recorded instruction number.
|
|
<li>Current instruction about to be replayed (if in replay mode).
|
|
<li>Number of instructions contained in the execution log.
|
|
<li>Maximum number of instructions that may be contained in the execution log.
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
<br><dt><code>btrace</code><dd>For the <code>btrace</code> recording method, it shows:
|
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>Recording format.
|
|
<li>Number of instructions that have been recorded.
|
|
<li>Number of blocks of sequential control-flow formed by the recorded
|
|
instructions.
|
|
<li>Whether in record mode or replay mode.
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
<p>For the <code>bts</code> recording format, it also shows:
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>Size of the perf ring buffer.
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
<p>For the <code>pt</code> recording format, it also shows:
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>Size of the perf ring buffer.
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
|
|
<p><a name="index-record-delete-494"></a><a name="index-rec-del-495"></a><br><dt><code>record delete</code><dd>When record target runs in replay mode (“in the past”), delete the
|
|
subsequent execution log and begin to record a new execution log starting
|
|
from the current address. This means you will abandon the previously
|
|
recorded “future” and begin recording a new “future”.
|
|
|
|
<p><a name="index-record-instruction_002dhistory-496"></a><a name="index-rec-instruction_002dhistory-497"></a><br><dt><code>record instruction-history</code><dd>Disassembles instructions from the recorded execution log. By
|
|
default, ten instructions are disassembled. This can be changed using
|
|
the <code>set record instruction-history-size</code> command. Instructions
|
|
are printed in execution order.
|
|
|
|
<p>It can also print mixed source+disassembly if you specify the the
|
|
<code>/m</code> or <code>/s</code> modifier, and print the raw instructions in hex
|
|
as well as in symbolic form by specifying the <code>/r</code> modifier.
|
|
|
|
<p>The current position marker is printed for the instruction at the
|
|
current program counter value. This instruction can appear multiple
|
|
times in the trace and the current position marker will be printed
|
|
every time. To omit the current position marker, specify the
|
|
<code>/p</code> modifier.
|
|
|
|
<p>To better align the printed instructions when the trace contains
|
|
instructions from more than one function, the function name may be
|
|
omitted by specifying the <code>/f</code> modifier.
|
|
|
|
<p>Speculatively executed instructions are prefixed with ‘<samp><span class="samp">?</span></samp>’. This
|
|
feature is not available for all recording formats.
|
|
|
|
<p>There are several ways to specify what part of the execution log to
|
|
disassemble:
|
|
|
|
<dl>
|
|
<dt><code>record instruction-history </code><var>insn</var><dd>Disassembles ten instructions starting from instruction number
|
|
<var>insn</var>.
|
|
|
|
<br><dt><code>record instruction-history </code><var>insn</var><code>, +/-</code><var>n</var><dd>Disassembles <var>n</var> instructions around instruction number
|
|
<var>insn</var>. If <var>n</var> is preceded with <code>+</code>, disassembles
|
|
<var>n</var> instructions after instruction number <var>insn</var>. If
|
|
<var>n</var> is preceded with <code>-</code>, disassembles <var>n</var>
|
|
instructions before instruction number <var>insn</var>.
|
|
|
|
<br><dt><code>record instruction-history</code><dd>Disassembles ten more instructions after the last disassembly.
|
|
|
|
<br><dt><code>record instruction-history -</code><dd>Disassembles ten more instructions before the last disassembly.
|
|
|
|
<br><dt><code>record instruction-history </code><var>begin</var><code>, </code><var>end</var><dd>Disassembles instructions beginning with instruction number
|
|
<var>begin</var> until instruction number <var>end</var>. The instruction
|
|
number <var>end</var> is included.
|
|
</dl>
|
|
|
|
<p>This command may not be available for all recording methods.
|
|
|
|
<p><a name="index-set-record-498"></a><br><dt><code>set record instruction-history-size </code><var>size</var><dt><code>set record instruction-history-size unlimited</code><dd>Define how many instructions to disassemble in the <code>record
|
|
instruction-history</code> command. The default value is 10.
|
|
A <var>size</var> of <code>unlimited</code> means unlimited instructions.
|
|
|
|
<p><a name="index-show-record-499"></a><br><dt><code>show record instruction-history-size</code><dd>Show how many instructions to disassemble in the <code>record
|
|
instruction-history</code> command.
|
|
|
|
<p><a name="index-record-function_002dcall_002dhistory-500"></a><a name="index-rec-function_002dcall_002dhistory-501"></a><br><dt><code>record function-call-history</code><dd>Prints the execution history at function granularity. It prints one
|
|
line for each sequence of instructions that belong to the same
|
|
function giving the name of that function, the source lines
|
|
for this instruction sequence (if the <code>/l</code> modifier is
|
|
specified), and the instructions numbers that form the sequence (if
|
|
the <code>/i</code> modifier is specified). The function names are indented
|
|
to reflect the call stack depth if the <code>/c</code> modifier is
|
|
specified. The <code>/l</code>, <code>/i</code>, and <code>/c</code> modifiers can be
|
|
given together.
|
|
|
|
<pre class="smallexample"> (gdb) <b>list 1, 10</b>
|
|
1 void foo (void)
|
|
2 {
|
|
3 }
|
|
4
|
|
5 void bar (void)
|
|
6 {
|
|
7 ...
|
|
8 foo ();
|
|
9 ...
|
|
10 }
|
|
(gdb) <b>record function-call-history /ilc</b>
|
|
1 bar inst 1,4 at foo.c:6,8
|
|
2 foo inst 5,10 at foo.c:2,3
|
|
3 bar inst 11,13 at foo.c:9,10
|
|
</pre>
|
|
<p>By default, ten lines are printed. This can be changed using the
|
|
<code>set record function-call-history-size</code> command. Functions are
|
|
printed in execution order. There are several ways to specify what
|
|
to print:
|
|
|
|
<dl>
|
|
<dt><code>record function-call-history </code><var>func</var><dd>Prints ten functions starting from function number <var>func</var>.
|
|
|
|
<br><dt><code>record function-call-history </code><var>func</var><code>, +/-</code><var>n</var><dd>Prints <var>n</var> functions around function number <var>func</var>. If
|
|
<var>n</var> is preceded with <code>+</code>, prints <var>n</var> functions after
|
|
function number <var>func</var>. If <var>n</var> is preceded with <code>-</code>,
|
|
prints <var>n</var> functions before function number <var>func</var>.
|
|
|
|
<br><dt><code>record function-call-history</code><dd>Prints ten more functions after the last ten-line print.
|
|
|
|
<br><dt><code>record function-call-history -</code><dd>Prints ten more functions before the last ten-line print.
|
|
|
|
<br><dt><code>record function-call-history </code><var>begin</var><code>, </code><var>end</var><dd>Prints functions beginning with function number <var>begin</var> until
|
|
function number <var>end</var>. The function number <var>end</var> is included.
|
|
</dl>
|
|
|
|
<p>This command may not be available for all recording methods.
|
|
|
|
<br><dt><code>set record function-call-history-size </code><var>size</var><dt><code>set record function-call-history-size unlimited</code><dd>Define how many lines to print in the
|
|
<code>record function-call-history</code> command. The default value is 10.
|
|
A size of <code>unlimited</code> means unlimited lines.
|
|
|
|
<br><dt><code>show record function-call-history-size</code><dd>Show how many lines to print in the
|
|
<code>record function-call-history</code> command.
|
|
</dl>
|
|
|
|
</body></html>
|
|
|