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152 lines
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<title>Command History - Debugging with GDB</title>
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<link rel="up" href="Controlling-GDB.html#Controlling-GDB" title="Controlling GDB">
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<div class="node">
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<a name="Command-History"></a>
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<p>
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Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="Screen-Size.html#Screen-Size">Screen Size</a>,
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Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="Editing.html#Editing">Editing</a>,
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Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="Controlling-GDB.html#Controlling-GDB">Controlling GDB</a>
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<hr>
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</div>
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<h3 class="section">22.3 Command History</h3>
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<p><a name="index-command-history-1660"></a>
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<span class="sc">gdb</span> can keep track of the commands you type during your
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debugging sessions, so that you can be certain of precisely what
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happened. Use these commands to manage the <span class="sc">gdb</span> command
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history facility.
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<p><span class="sc">gdb</span> uses the <span class="sc">gnu</span> History library, a part of the Readline
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package, to provide the history facility.
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See <a href="Using-History-Interactively.html#Using-History-Interactively">Using History Interactively</a>,
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for the detailed description of the History library.
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<p>To issue a command to <span class="sc">gdb</span> without affecting certain aspects of
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the state which is seen by users, prefix it with ‘<samp><span class="samp">server </span></samp>’
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(see <a href="Server-Prefix.html#Server-Prefix">Server Prefix</a>). This
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means that this command will not affect the command history, nor will it
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affect <span class="sc">gdb</span>'s notion of which command to repeat if <RET> is
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pressed on a line by itself.
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<p><a name="index-g_t_0040code_007bserver_007d_002c-command-prefix-1661"></a>The server prefix does not affect the recording of values into the value
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history; to print a value without recording it into the value history,
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use the <code>output</code> command instead of the <code>print</code> command.
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<p>Here is the description of <span class="sc">gdb</span> commands related to command
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history.
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<a name="index-history-substitution-1662"></a>
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<a name="index-history-file-1663"></a>
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<a name="index-set-history-filename-1664"></a>
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<a name="index-g_t_0040env_007bGDBHISTFILE_007d_002c-environment-variable-1665"></a>
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<dl><dt><code>set history filename </code><var>fname</var><dd>Set the name of the <span class="sc">gdb</span> command history file to <var>fname</var>.
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This is the file where <span class="sc">gdb</span> reads an initial command history
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list, and where it writes the command history from this session when it
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exits. You can access this list through history expansion or through
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the history command editing characters listed below. This file defaults
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to the value of the environment variable <code>GDBHISTFILE</code>, or to
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<samp><span class="file">./.gdb_history</span></samp> (<samp><span class="file">./_gdb_history</span></samp> on MS-DOS) if this variable
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is not set.
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<p><a name="index-save-command-history-1666"></a><a name="index-set-history-save-1667"></a><br><dt><code>set history save</code><dt><code>set history save on</code><dd>Record command history in a file, whose name may be specified with the
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<code>set history filename</code> command. By default, this option is disabled.
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<br><dt><code>set history save off</code><dd>Stop recording command history in a file.
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<p><a name="index-history-size-1668"></a><a name="index-set-history-size-1669"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040env_007bGDBHISTSIZE_007d_002c-environment-variable-1670"></a><br><dt><code>set history size </code><var>size</var><dt><code>set history size unlimited</code><dd>Set the number of commands which <span class="sc">gdb</span> keeps in its history list.
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This defaults to the value of the environment variable <samp><span class="env">GDBHISTSIZE</span></samp>, or
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to 256 if this variable is not set. Non-numeric values of <samp><span class="env">GDBHISTSIZE</span></samp>
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are ignored. If <var>size</var> is <code>unlimited</code> or if <samp><span class="env">GDBHISTSIZE</span></samp> is
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either a negative number or the empty string, then the number of commands
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<span class="sc">gdb</span> keeps in the history list is unlimited.
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<p><a name="index-remove-duplicate-history-1671"></a><a name="index-set-history-remove_002dduplicates-1672"></a><br><dt><code>set history remove-duplicates </code><var>count</var><dt><code>set history remove-duplicates unlimited</code><dd>Control the removal of duplicate history entries in the command history list.
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If <var>count</var> is non-zero, <span class="sc">gdb</span> will look back at the last <var>count</var>
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history entries and remove the first entry that is a duplicate of the current
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entry being added to the command history list. If <var>count</var> is
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<code>unlimited</code> then this lookbehind is unbounded. If <var>count</var> is 0, then
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removal of duplicate history entries is disabled.
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<p>Only history entries added during the current session are considered for
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removal. This option is set to 0 by default.
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</dl>
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<p>History expansion assigns special meaning to the character <kbd>!</kbd>.
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See <a href="Event-Designators.html#Event-Designators">Event Designators</a>,
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for more details.
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<p><a name="index-history-expansion_002c-turn-on_002foff-1673"></a>Since <kbd>!</kbd> is also the logical not operator in C, history expansion
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is off by default. If you decide to enable history expansion with the
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<code>set history expansion on</code> command, you may sometimes need to
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follow <kbd>!</kbd> (when it is used as logical not, in an expression) with
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a space or a tab to prevent it from being expanded. The readline
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history facilities do not attempt substitution on the strings
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<kbd>!=</kbd> and <kbd>!(</kbd>, even when history expansion is enabled.
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<p>The commands to control history expansion are:
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<dl>
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<dt><code>set history expansion on</code><dt><code>set history expansion</code><dd><a name="index-set-history-expansion-1674"></a>Enable history expansion. History expansion is off by default.
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<br><dt><code>set history expansion off</code><dd>Disable history expansion.
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<!-- @group -->
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<p><a name="index-show-history-1675"></a><br><dt><code>show history</code><dt><code>show history filename</code><dt><code>show history save</code><dt><code>show history size</code><dt><code>show history expansion</code><dd>These commands display the state of the <span class="sc">gdb</span> history parameters.
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<code>show history</code> by itself displays all four states.
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<!-- @end group -->
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</dl>
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<a name="index-show-commands-1676"></a>
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<a name="index-show-last-commands-1677"></a>
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<a name="index-display-command-history-1678"></a>
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<dl><dt><code>show commands</code><dd>Display the last ten commands in the command history.
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<br><dt><code>show commands </code><var>n</var><dd>Print ten commands centered on command number <var>n</var>.
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<br><dt><code>show commands +</code><dd>Print ten commands just after the commands last printed.
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</dl>
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</body></html>
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