141 lines
6.6 KiB
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141 lines
6.6 KiB
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<title>Built-In Func/Proc - Debugging with GDB</title>
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<link rel="up" href="Modula_002d2.html#Modula_002d2" title="Modula-2">
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<link rel="prev" href="M2-Operators.html#M2-Operators" title="M2 Operators">
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<body>
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<div class="node">
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<a name="Built-In-Func%2fProc"></a>
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<a name="Built_002dIn-Func_002fProc"></a>
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<p>
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Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="M2-Constants.html#M2-Constants">M2 Constants</a>,
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Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="M2-Operators.html#M2-Operators">M2 Operators</a>,
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Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="Modula_002d2.html#Modula_002d2">Modula-2</a>
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<hr>
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</div>
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<h5 class="subsubsection">15.4.9.2 Built-in Functions and Procedures</h5>
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<p><a name="index-Modula_002d2-built_002dins-1045"></a>
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Modula-2 also makes available several built-in procedures and functions.
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In describing these, the following metavariables are used:
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<dl>
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<dt><var>a</var><dd>represents an <code>ARRAY</code> variable.
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<br><dt><var>c</var><dd>represents a <code>CHAR</code> constant or variable.
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<br><dt><var>i</var><dd>represents a variable or constant of integral type.
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<br><dt><var>m</var><dd>represents an identifier that belongs to a set. Generally used in the
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same function with the metavariable <var>s</var>. The type of <var>s</var> should
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be <code>SET OF </code><var>mtype</var> (where <var>mtype</var> is the type of <var>m</var>).
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<br><dt><var>n</var><dd>represents a variable or constant of integral or floating-point type.
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<br><dt><var>r</var><dd>represents a variable or constant of floating-point type.
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<br><dt><var>t</var><dd>represents a type.
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<br><dt><var>v</var><dd>represents a variable.
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<br><dt><var>x</var><dd>represents a variable or constant of one of many types. See the
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explanation of the function for details.
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</dl>
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<p>All Modula-2 built-in procedures also return a result, described below.
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<dl>
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<dt><code>ABS(</code><var>n</var><code>)</code><dd>Returns the absolute value of <var>n</var>.
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<br><dt><code>CAP(</code><var>c</var><code>)</code><dd>If <var>c</var> is a lower case letter, it returns its upper case
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equivalent, otherwise it returns its argument.
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<br><dt><code>CHR(</code><var>i</var><code>)</code><dd>Returns the character whose ordinal value is <var>i</var>.
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<br><dt><code>DEC(</code><var>v</var><code>)</code><dd>Decrements the value in the variable <var>v</var> by one. Returns the new value.
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<br><dt><code>DEC(</code><var>v</var><code>,</code><var>i</var><code>)</code><dd>Decrements the value in the variable <var>v</var> by <var>i</var>. Returns the
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new value.
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<br><dt><code>EXCL(</code><var>m</var><code>,</code><var>s</var><code>)</code><dd>Removes the element <var>m</var> from the set <var>s</var>. Returns the new
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set.
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<br><dt><code>FLOAT(</code><var>i</var><code>)</code><dd>Returns the floating point equivalent of the integer <var>i</var>.
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<br><dt><code>HIGH(</code><var>a</var><code>)</code><dd>Returns the index of the last member of <var>a</var>.
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<br><dt><code>INC(</code><var>v</var><code>)</code><dd>Increments the value in the variable <var>v</var> by one. Returns the new value.
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<br><dt><code>INC(</code><var>v</var><code>,</code><var>i</var><code>)</code><dd>Increments the value in the variable <var>v</var> by <var>i</var>. Returns the
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new value.
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<br><dt><code>INCL(</code><var>m</var><code>,</code><var>s</var><code>)</code><dd>Adds the element <var>m</var> to the set <var>s</var> if it is not already
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there. Returns the new set.
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<br><dt><code>MAX(</code><var>t</var><code>)</code><dd>Returns the maximum value of the type <var>t</var>.
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<br><dt><code>MIN(</code><var>t</var><code>)</code><dd>Returns the minimum value of the type <var>t</var>.
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<br><dt><code>ODD(</code><var>i</var><code>)</code><dd>Returns boolean TRUE if <var>i</var> is an odd number.
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<br><dt><code>ORD(</code><var>x</var><code>)</code><dd>Returns the ordinal value of its argument. For example, the ordinal
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value of a character is its <span class="sc">ascii</span> value (on machines supporting
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the <span class="sc">ascii</span> character set). The argument <var>x</var> must be of an
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ordered type, which include integral, character and enumerated types.
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<br><dt><code>SIZE(</code><var>x</var><code>)</code><dd>Returns the size of its argument. The argument <var>x</var> can be a
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variable or a type.
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<br><dt><code>TRUNC(</code><var>r</var><code>)</code><dd>Returns the integral part of <var>r</var>.
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<br><dt><code>TSIZE(</code><var>x</var><code>)</code><dd>Returns the size of its argument. The argument <var>x</var> can be a
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variable or a type.
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<br><dt><code>VAL(</code><var>t</var><code>,</code><var>i</var><code>)</code><dd>Returns the member of the type <var>t</var> whose ordinal value is <var>i</var>.
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</dl>
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<blockquote>
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<em>Warning:</em> Sets and their operations are not yet supported, so
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<span class="sc">gdb</span> treats the use of procedures <code>INCL</code> and <code>EXCL</code> as
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an error.
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</blockquote>
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<p><a name="index-Modula_002d2-constants-1046"></a>
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</body></html>
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