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<title>Using the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC): Function Attributes</title>
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<a name="Function-Attributes"></a>
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<p>
Next: <a href="Variable-Attributes.html#Variable-Attributes" accesskey="n" rel="next">Variable Attributes</a>, Previous: <a href="Mixed-Declarations.html#Mixed-Declarations" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Mixed Declarations</a>, Up: <a href="C-Extensions.html#C-Extensions" accesskey="u" rel="up">C Extensions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="Option-Index.html#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
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<a name="Declaring-Attributes-of-Functions"></a>
<h3 class="section">6.31 Declaring Attributes of Functions</h3>
<a name="index-function-attributes"></a>
<a name="index-declaring-attributes-of-functions"></a>
<a name="index-volatile-applied-to-function"></a>
<a name="index-const-applied-to-function"></a>
<p>In GNU C, you can use function attributes to declare certain things
about functions called in your program which help the compiler
optimize calls and check your code more carefully. For example, you
can use attributes to declare that a function never returns
(<code>noreturn</code>), returns a value depending only on its arguments
(<code>pure</code>), or has <code>printf</code>-style arguments (<code>format</code>).
</p>
<p>You can also use attributes to control memory placement, code
generation options or call/return conventions within the function
being annotated. Many of these attributes are target-specific. For
example, many targets support attributes for defining interrupt
handler functions, which typically must follow special register usage
and return conventions.
</p>
<p>Function attributes are introduced by the <code>__attribute__</code> keyword
on a declaration, followed by an attribute specification inside double
parentheses. You can specify multiple attributes in a declaration by
separating them by commas within the double parentheses or by
immediately following an attribute declaration with another attribute
declaration. See <a href="Attribute-Syntax.html#Attribute-Syntax">Attribute Syntax</a>, for the exact rules on
attribute syntax and placement.
</p>
<p>GCC also supports attributes on
variable declarations (see <a href="Variable-Attributes.html#Variable-Attributes">Variable Attributes</a>),
labels (see <a href="Label-Attributes.html#Label-Attributes">Label Attributes</a>),
enumerators (see <a href="Enumerator-Attributes.html#Enumerator-Attributes">Enumerator Attributes</a>),
and types (see <a href="Type-Attributes.html#Type-Attributes">Type Attributes</a>).
</p>
<p>There is some overlap between the purposes of attributes and pragmas
(see <a href="Pragmas.html#Pragmas">Pragmas Accepted by GCC</a>). It has been
found convenient to use <code>__attribute__</code> to achieve a natural
attachment of attributes to their corresponding declarations, whereas
<code>#pragma</code> is of use for compatibility with other compilers
or constructs that do not naturally form part of the grammar.
</p>
<p>In addition to the attributes documented here,
GCC plugins may provide their own attributes.
</p>
<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="Common-Function-Attributes.html#Common-Function-Attributes" accesskey="1">Common Function Attributes</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="AArch64-Function-Attributes.html#AArch64-Function-Attributes" accesskey="2">AArch64 Function Attributes</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="ARC-Function-Attributes.html#ARC-Function-Attributes" accesskey="3">ARC Function Attributes</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="ARM-Function-Attributes.html#ARM-Function-Attributes" accesskey="4">ARM Function Attributes</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="AVR-Function-Attributes.html#AVR-Function-Attributes" accesskey="5">AVR Function Attributes</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="Blackfin-Function-Attributes.html#Blackfin-Function-Attributes" accesskey="6">Blackfin Function Attributes</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="CR16-Function-Attributes.html#CR16-Function-Attributes" accesskey="7">CR16 Function Attributes</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="Epiphany-Function-Attributes.html#Epiphany-Function-Attributes" accesskey="8">Epiphany Function Attributes</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="H8_002f300-Function-Attributes.html#H8_002f300-Function-Attributes" accesskey="9">H8/300 Function Attributes</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="IA_002d64-Function-Attributes.html#IA_002d64-Function-Attributes">IA-64 Function Attributes</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="M32C-Function-Attributes.html#M32C-Function-Attributes">M32C Function Attributes</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="M32R_002fD-Function-Attributes.html#M32R_002fD-Function-Attributes">M32R/D Function Attributes</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="m68k-Function-Attributes.html#m68k-Function-Attributes">m68k Function Attributes</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="MCORE-Function-Attributes.html#MCORE-Function-Attributes">MCORE Function Attributes</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="MeP-Function-Attributes.html#MeP-Function-Attributes">MeP Function Attributes</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="MicroBlaze-Function-Attributes.html#MicroBlaze-Function-Attributes">MicroBlaze Function Attributes</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="Microsoft-Windows-Function-Attributes.html#Microsoft-Windows-Function-Attributes">Microsoft Windows Function Attributes</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="MIPS-Function-Attributes.html#MIPS-Function-Attributes">MIPS Function Attributes</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="MSP430-Function-Attributes.html#MSP430-Function-Attributes">MSP430 Function Attributes</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="NDS32-Function-Attributes.html#NDS32-Function-Attributes">NDS32 Function Attributes</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="Nios-II-Function-Attributes.html#Nios-II-Function-Attributes">Nios II Function Attributes</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="Nvidia-PTX-Function-Attributes.html#Nvidia-PTX-Function-Attributes">Nvidia PTX Function Attributes</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="PowerPC-Function-Attributes.html#PowerPC-Function-Attributes">PowerPC Function Attributes</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="RL78-Function-Attributes.html#RL78-Function-Attributes">RL78 Function Attributes</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="RX-Function-Attributes.html#RX-Function-Attributes">RX Function Attributes</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="S_002f390-Function-Attributes.html#S_002f390-Function-Attributes">S/390 Function Attributes</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="SH-Function-Attributes.html#SH-Function-Attributes">SH Function Attributes</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="SPU-Function-Attributes.html#SPU-Function-Attributes">SPU Function Attributes</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="Symbian-OS-Function-Attributes.html#Symbian-OS-Function-Attributes">Symbian OS Function Attributes</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="V850-Function-Attributes.html#V850-Function-Attributes">V850 Function Attributes</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="Visium-Function-Attributes.html#Visium-Function-Attributes">Visium Function Attributes</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="x86-Function-Attributes.html#x86-Function-Attributes">x86 Function Attributes</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="Xstormy16-Function-Attributes.html#Xstormy16-Function-Attributes">Xstormy16 Function Attributes</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
</table>
<hr>
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<p>
Next: <a href="Variable-Attributes.html#Variable-Attributes" accesskey="n" rel="next">Variable Attributes</a>, Previous: <a href="Mixed-Declarations.html#Mixed-Declarations" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Mixed Declarations</a>, Up: <a href="C-Extensions.html#C-Extensions" accesskey="u" rel="up">C Extensions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="Option-Index.html#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
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