3.18.44 SPARC Options

These ‘-m’ options are supported on the SPARC:

-mno-app-regs

-mapp-regs

Specify -mapp-regs to generate output using the global registers 2 through 4, which the SPARC SVR4 ABI reserves for applications. Like the global register 1, each global register 2 through 4 is then treated as an allocable register that is clobbered by function calls. This is the default.

To be fully SVR4 ABI-compliant at the cost of some performance loss, specify -mno-app-regs. You should compile libraries and system software with this option.

-mflat

-mno-flat

With -mflat, the compiler does not generate save/restore instructions and uses a “flat” or single register window model. This model is compatible with the regular register window model. The local registers and the input registers (0–5) are still treated as “call-saved” registers and are saved on the stack as needed.

With -mno-flat (the default), the compiler generates save/restore instructions (except for leaf functions). This is the normal operating mode.

-mfpu

-mhard-float

Generate output containing floating-point instructions. This is the default.

-mno-fpu

-msoft-float

Generate output containing library calls for floating point. Warning: the requisite libraries are not available for all SPARC targets. Normally the facilities of the machine’s usual C compiler are used, but this cannot be done directly in cross-compilation. You must make your own arrangements to provide suitable library functions for cross-compilation. The embedded targets ‘sparc-*-aout’ and ‘sparclite-*-*’ do provide software floating-point support.

-msoft-float changes the calling convention in the output file; therefore, it is only useful if you compile all of a program with this option. In particular, you need to compile libgcc.a, the library that comes with GCC, with -msoft-float in order for this to work.

-mhard-quad-float

Generate output containing quad-word (long double) floating-point instructions.

-msoft-quad-float

Generate output containing library calls for quad-word (long double) floating-point instructions. The functions called are those specified in the SPARC ABI. This is the default.

As of this writing, there are no SPARC implementations that have hardware support for the quad-word floating-point instructions. They all invoke a trap handler for one of these instructions, and then the trap handler emulates the effect of the instruction. Because of the trap handler overhead, this is much slower than calling the ABI library routines. Thus the -msoft-quad-float option is the default.

-mno-unaligned-doubles

-munaligned-doubles

Assume that doubles have 8-byte alignment. This is the default.

With -munaligned-doubles, GCC assumes that doubles have 8-byte alignment only if they are contained in another type, or if they have an absolute address. Otherwise, it assumes they have 4-byte alignment. Specifying this option avoids some rare compatibility problems with code generated by other compilers. It is not the default because it results in a performance loss, especially for floating-point code.

-muser-mode

-mno-user-mode

Do not generate code that can only run in supervisor mode. This is relevant only for the casa instruction emitted for the LEON3 processor. This is the default.

-mfaster-structs

-mno-faster-structs

With -mfaster-structs, the compiler assumes that structures should have 8-byte alignment. This enables the use of pairs of ldd and std instructions for copies in structure assignment, in place of twice as many ld and st pairs. However, the use of this changed alignment directly violates the SPARC ABI. Thus, it’s intended only for use on targets where the developer acknowledges that their resulting code is not directly in line with the rules of the ABI.

-mstd-struct-return

-mno-std-struct-return

With -mstd-struct-return, the compiler generates checking code in functions returning structures or unions to detect size mismatches between the two sides of function calls, as per the 32-bit ABI.

The default is -mno-std-struct-return. This option has no effect in 64-bit mode.

-mcpu=cpu_type

Set the instruction set, register set, and instruction scheduling parameters for machine type cpu_type. Supported values for cpu_type are ‘v7’, ‘cypress’, ‘v8’, ‘supersparc’, ‘hypersparc’, ‘leon’, ‘leon3’, ‘leon3v7’, ‘sparclite’, ‘f930’, ‘f934’, ‘sparclite86x’, ‘sparclet’, ‘tsc701’, ‘v9’, ‘ultrasparc’, ‘ultrasparc3’, ‘niagara’, ‘niagara2’, ‘niagara3’, ‘niagara4’ and ‘niagara7’.

Native Solaris and GNU/Linux toolchains also support the value ‘native’, which selects the best architecture option for the host processor. -mcpu=native has no effect if GCC does not recognize the processor.

Default instruction scheduling parameters are used for values that select an architecture and not an implementation. These are ‘v7’, ‘v8’, ‘sparclite’, ‘sparclet’, ‘v9’.

Here is a list of each supported architecture and their supported implementations.

v7

cypress, leon3v7

v8

supersparc, hypersparc, leon, leon3

sparclite

f930, f934, sparclite86x

sparclet

tsc701

v9

ultrasparc, ultrasparc3, niagara, niagara2, niagara3, niagara4, niagara7

By default (unless configured otherwise), GCC generates code for the V7 variant of the SPARC architecture. With -mcpu=cypress, the compiler additionally optimizes it for the Cypress CY7C602 chip, as used in the SPARCStation/SPARCServer 3xx series. This is also appropriate for the older SPARCStation 1, 2, IPX etc.

With -mcpu=v8, GCC generates code for the V8 variant of the SPARC architecture. The only difference from V7 code is that the compiler emits the integer multiply and integer divide instructions which exist in SPARC-V8 but not in SPARC-V7. With -mcpu=supersparc, the compiler additionally optimizes it for the SuperSPARC chip, as used in the SPARCStation 10, 1000 and 2000 series.

With -mcpu=sparclite, GCC generates code for the SPARClite variant of the SPARC architecture. This adds the integer multiply, integer divide step and scan (ffs) instructions which exist in SPARClite but not in SPARC-V7. With -mcpu=f930, the compiler additionally optimizes it for the Fujitsu MB86930 chip, which is the original SPARClite, with no FPU. With -mcpu=f934, the compiler additionally optimizes it for the Fujitsu MB86934 chip, which is the more recent SPARClite with FPU.

With -mcpu=sparclet, GCC generates code for the SPARClet variant of the SPARC architecture. This adds the integer multiply, multiply/accumulate, integer divide step and scan (ffs) instructions which exist in SPARClet but not in SPARC-V7. With -mcpu=tsc701, the compiler additionally optimizes it for the TEMIC SPARClet chip.

With -mcpu=v9, GCC generates code for the V9 variant of the SPARC architecture. This adds 64-bit integer and floating-point move instructions, 3 additional floating-point condition code registers and conditional move instructions. With -mcpu=ultrasparc, the compiler additionally optimizes it for the Sun UltraSPARC I/II/IIi chips. With -mcpu=ultrasparc3, the compiler additionally optimizes it for the Sun UltraSPARC III/III+/IIIi/IIIi+/IV/IV+ chips. With -mcpu=niagara, the compiler additionally optimizes it for Sun UltraSPARC T1 chips. With -mcpu=niagara2, the compiler additionally optimizes it for Sun UltraSPARC T2 chips. With -mcpu=niagara3, the compiler additionally optimizes it for Sun UltraSPARC T3 chips. With -mcpu=niagara4, the compiler additionally optimizes it for Sun UltraSPARC T4 chips. With -mcpu=niagara7, the compiler additionally optimizes it for Oracle SPARC M7 chips.

-mtune=cpu_type

Set the instruction scheduling parameters for machine type cpu_type, but do not set the instruction set or register set that the option -mcpu=cpu_type does.

The same values for -mcpu=cpu_type can be used for -mtune=cpu_type, but the only useful values are those that select a particular CPU implementation. Those are ‘cypress’, ‘supersparc’, ‘hypersparc’, ‘leon’, ‘leon3’, ‘leon3v7’, ‘f930’, ‘f934’, ‘sparclite86x’, ‘tsc701’, ‘ultrasparc’, ‘ultrasparc3’, ‘niagara’, ‘niagara2’, ‘niagara3’, ‘niagara4’ and ‘niagara7’. With native Solaris and GNU/Linux toolchains, ‘native’ can also be used.

-mv8plus

-mno-v8plus

With -mv8plus, GCC generates code for the SPARC-V8+ ABI. The difference from the V8 ABI is that the global and out registers are considered 64 bits wide. This is enabled by default on Solaris in 32-bit mode for all SPARC-V9 processors.

-mvis

-mno-vis

With -mvis, GCC generates code that takes advantage of the UltraSPARC Visual Instruction Set extensions. The default is -mno-vis.

-mvis2

-mno-vis2

With -mvis2, GCC generates code that takes advantage of version 2.0 of the UltraSPARC Visual Instruction Set extensions. The default is -mvis2 when targeting a cpu that supports such instructions, such as UltraSPARC-III and later. Setting -mvis2 also sets -mvis.

-mvis3

-mno-vis3

With -mvis3, GCC generates code that takes advantage of version 3.0 of the UltraSPARC Visual Instruction Set extensions. The default is -mvis3 when targeting a cpu that supports such instructions, such as niagara-3 and later. Setting -mvis3 also sets -mvis2 and -mvis.

-mvis4

-mno-vis4

With -mvis4, GCC generates code that takes advantage of version 4.0 of the UltraSPARC Visual Instruction Set extensions. The default is -mvis4 when targeting a cpu that supports such instructions, such as niagara-7 and later. Setting -mvis4 also sets -mvis3, -mvis2 and -mvis.

-mcbcond

-mno-cbcond

With -mcbcond, GCC generates code that takes advantage of compare-and-branch instructions, as defined in the Sparc Architecture 2011. The default is -mcbcond when targeting a cpu that supports such instructions, such as niagara-4 and later.

-mpopc

-mno-popc

With -mpopc, GCC generates code that takes advantage of the UltraSPARC population count instruction. The default is -mpopc when targeting a cpu that supports such instructions, such as Niagara-2 and later.

-mfmaf

-mno-fmaf

With -mfmaf, GCC generates code that takes advantage of the UltraSPARC Fused Multiply-Add Floating-point extensions. The default is -mfmaf when targeting a cpu that supports such instructions, such as Niagara-3 and later.

-mfix-at697f

Enable the documented workaround for the single erratum of the Atmel AT697F processor (which corresponds to erratum #13 of the AT697E processor).

-mfix-ut699

Enable the documented workarounds for the floating-point errata and the data cache nullify errata of the UT699 processor.

These ‘-m’ options are supported in addition to the above on SPARC-V9 processors in 64-bit environments:

-m32

-m64

Generate code for a 32-bit or 64-bit environment. The 32-bit environment sets int, long and pointer to 32 bits. The 64-bit environment sets int to 32 bits and long and pointer to 64 bits.

-mcmodel=which

Set the code model to one of

‘medlow’

The Medium/Low code model: 64-bit addresses, programs must be linked in the low 32 bits of memory. Programs can be statically or dynamically linked.

‘medmid’

The Medium/Middle code model: 64-bit addresses, programs must be linked in the low 44 bits of memory, the text and data segments must be less than 2GB in size and the data segment must be located within 2GB of the text segment.

‘medany’

The Medium/Anywhere code model: 64-bit addresses, programs may be linked anywhere in memory, the text and data segments must be less than 2GB in size and the data segment must be located within 2GB of the text segment.

‘embmedany’

The Medium/Anywhere code model for embedded systems: 64-bit addresses, the text and data segments must be less than 2GB in size, both starting anywhere in memory (determined at link time). The global register %g4 points to the base of the data segment. Programs are statically linked and PIC is not supported.

-mmemory-model=mem-model

Set the memory model in force on the processor to one of

‘default’

The default memory model for the processor and operating system.

‘rmo’

Relaxed Memory Order

‘pso’

Partial Store Order

‘tso’

Total Store Order

‘sc’

Sequential Consistency

These memory models are formally defined in Appendix D of the Sparc V9 architecture manual, as set in the processor’s PSTATE.MM field.

-mstack-bias

-mno-stack-bias

With -mstack-bias, GCC assumes that the stack pointer, and frame pointer if present, are offset by -2047 which must be added back when making stack frame references. This is the default in 64-bit mode. Otherwise, assume no such offset is present.