16.7 Predicates

A predicate determines whether a match_operand or match_operator expression matches, and therefore whether the surrounding instruction pattern will be used for that combination of operands. GCC has a number of machine-independent predicates, and you can define machine-specific predicates as needed. By convention, predicates used with match_operand have names that end in ‘_operand’, and those used with match_operator have names that end in ‘_operator’.

All predicates are Boolean functions (in the mathematical sense) of two arguments: the RTL expression that is being considered at that position in the instruction pattern, and the machine mode that the match_operand or match_operator specifies. In this section, the first argument is called op and the second argument mode. Predicates can be called from C as ordinary two-argument functions; this can be useful in output templates or other machine-specific code.

Operand predicates can allow operands that are not actually acceptable to the hardware, as long as the constraints give reload the ability to fix them up (see Constraints). However, GCC will usually generate better code if the predicates specify the requirements of the machine instructions as closely as possible. Reload cannot fix up operands that must be constants (“immediate operands”); you must use a predicate that allows only constants, or else enforce the requirement in the extra condition.

Most predicates handle their mode argument in a uniform manner. If mode is VOIDmode (unspecified), then op can have any mode. If mode is anything else, then op must have the same mode, unless op is a CONST_INT or integer CONST_DOUBLE. These RTL expressions always have VOIDmode, so it would be counterproductive to check that their mode matches. Instead, predicates that accept CONST_INT and/or integer CONST_DOUBLE check that the value stored in the constant will fit in the requested mode.

Predicates with this behavior are called normal. genrecog can optimize the instruction recognizer based on knowledge of how normal predicates treat modes. It can also diagnose certain kinds of common errors in the use of normal predicates; for instance, it is almost always an error to use a normal predicate without specifying a mode.

Predicates that do something different with their mode argument are called special. The generic predicates address_operand and pmode_register_operand are special predicates. genrecog does not do any optimizations or diagnosis when special predicates are used.