406 lines
13 KiB
Groff
406 lines
13 KiB
Groff
|
.\" Automatically generated by Pod::Man 2.27 (Pod::Simple 3.28)
|
||
|
|
.\"
|
||
|
|
.\" Standard preamble:
|
||
|
|
.\" ========================================================================
|
||
|
|
.de Sp \" Vertical space (when we can't use .PP)
|
||
|
|
.if t .sp .5v
|
||
|
|
.if n .sp
|
||
|
|
..
|
||
|
|
.de Vb \" Begin verbatim text
|
||
|
|
.ft CW
|
||
|
|
.nf
|
||
|
|
.ne \\$1
|
||
|
|
..
|
||
|
|
.de Ve \" End verbatim text
|
||
|
|
.ft R
|
||
|
|
.fi
|
||
|
|
..
|
||
|
|
.\" Set up some character translations and predefined strings. \*(-- will
|
||
|
|
.\" give an unbreakable dash, \*(PI will give pi, \*(L" will give a left
|
||
|
|
.\" double quote, and \*(R" will give a right double quote. \*(C+ will
|
||
|
|
.\" give a nicer C++. Capital omega is used to do unbreakable dashes and
|
||
|
|
.\" therefore won't be available. \*(C` and \*(C' expand to `' in nroff,
|
||
|
|
.\" nothing in troff, for use with C<>.
|
||
|
|
.tr \(*W-
|
||
|
|
.ds C+ C\v'-.1v'\h'-1p'\s-2+\h'-1p'+\s0\v'.1v'\h'-1p'
|
||
|
|
.ie n \{\
|
||
|
|
. ds -- \(*W-
|
||
|
|
. ds PI pi
|
||
|
|
. if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=24u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-12u'-\" diablo 10 pitch
|
||
|
|
. if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=20u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-8u'-\" diablo 12 pitch
|
||
|
|
. ds L" ""
|
||
|
|
. ds R" ""
|
||
|
|
. ds C` ""
|
||
|
|
. ds C' ""
|
||
|
|
'br\}
|
||
|
|
.el\{\
|
||
|
|
. ds -- \|\(em\|
|
||
|
|
. ds PI \(*p
|
||
|
|
. ds L" ``
|
||
|
|
. ds R" ''
|
||
|
|
. ds C`
|
||
|
|
. ds C'
|
||
|
|
'br\}
|
||
|
|
.\"
|
||
|
|
.\" Escape single quotes in literal strings from groff's Unicode transform.
|
||
|
|
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
|
||
|
|
.el .ds Aq '
|
||
|
|
.\"
|
||
|
|
.\" If the F register is turned on, we'll generate index entries on stderr for
|
||
|
|
.\" titles (.TH), headers (.SH), subsections (.SS), items (.Ip), and index
|
||
|
|
.\" entries marked with X<> in POD. Of course, you'll have to process the
|
||
|
|
.\" output yourself in some meaningful fashion.
|
||
|
|
.\"
|
||
|
|
.\" Avoid warning from groff about undefined register 'F'.
|
||
|
|
.de IX
|
||
|
|
..
|
||
|
|
.nr rF 0
|
||
|
|
.if \n(.g .if rF .nr rF 1
|
||
|
|
.if (\n(rF:(\n(.g==0)) \{
|
||
|
|
. if \nF \{
|
||
|
|
. de IX
|
||
|
|
. tm Index:\\$1\t\\n%\t"\\$2"
|
||
|
|
..
|
||
|
|
. if !\nF==2 \{
|
||
|
|
. nr % 0
|
||
|
|
. nr F 2
|
||
|
|
. \}
|
||
|
|
. \}
|
||
|
|
.\}
|
||
|
|
.rr rF
|
||
|
|
.\"
|
||
|
|
.\" Accent mark definitions (@(#)ms.acc 1.5 88/02/08 SMI; from UCB 4.2).
|
||
|
|
.\" Fear. Run. Save yourself. No user-serviceable parts.
|
||
|
|
. \" fudge factors for nroff and troff
|
||
|
|
.if n \{\
|
||
|
|
. ds #H 0
|
||
|
|
. ds #V .8m
|
||
|
|
. ds #F .3m
|
||
|
|
. ds #[ \f1
|
||
|
|
. ds #] \fP
|
||
|
|
.\}
|
||
|
|
.if t \{\
|
||
|
|
. ds #H ((1u-(\\\\n(.fu%2u))*.13m)
|
||
|
|
. ds #V .6m
|
||
|
|
. ds #F 0
|
||
|
|
. ds #[ \&
|
||
|
|
. ds #] \&
|
||
|
|
.\}
|
||
|
|
. \" simple accents for nroff and troff
|
||
|
|
.if n \{\
|
||
|
|
. ds ' \&
|
||
|
|
. ds ` \&
|
||
|
|
. ds ^ \&
|
||
|
|
. ds , \&
|
||
|
|
. ds ~ ~
|
||
|
|
. ds /
|
||
|
|
.\}
|
||
|
|
.if t \{\
|
||
|
|
. ds ' \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\'\h"|\\n:u"
|
||
|
|
. ds ` \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\`\h'|\\n:u'
|
||
|
|
. ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'^\h'|\\n:u'
|
||
|
|
. ds , \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10)',\h'|\\n:u'
|
||
|
|
. ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu-\*(#H-.1m)'~\h'|\\n:u'
|
||
|
|
. ds / \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\z\(sl\h'|\\n:u'
|
||
|
|
.\}
|
||
|
|
. \" troff and (daisy-wheel) nroff accents
|
||
|
|
.ds : \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H+.1m+\*(#F)'\v'-\*(#V'\z.\h'.2m+\*(#F'.\h'|\\n:u'\v'\*(#V'
|
||
|
|
.ds 8 \h'\*(#H'\(*b\h'-\*(#H'
|
||
|
|
.ds o \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu+\w'\(de'u-\*(#H)/2u'\v'-.3n'\*(#[\z\(de\v'.3n'\h'|\\n:u'\*(#]
|
||
|
|
.ds d- \h'\*(#H'\(pd\h'-\w'~'u'\v'-.25m'\f2\(hy\fP\v'.25m'\h'-\*(#H'
|
||
|
|
.ds D- D\\k:\h'-\w'D'u'\v'-.11m'\z\(hy\v'.11m'\h'|\\n:u'
|
||
|
|
.ds th \*(#[\v'.3m'\s+1I\s-1\v'-.3m'\h'-(\w'I'u*2/3)'\s-1o\s+1\*(#]
|
||
|
|
.ds Th \*(#[\s+2I\s-2\h'-\w'I'u*3/5'\v'-.3m'o\v'.3m'\*(#]
|
||
|
|
.ds ae a\h'-(\w'a'u*4/10)'e
|
||
|
|
.ds Ae A\h'-(\w'A'u*4/10)'E
|
||
|
|
. \" corrections for vroff
|
||
|
|
.if v .ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*9/10-\*(#H)'\s-2\u~\d\s+2\h'|\\n:u'
|
||
|
|
.if v .ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'\v'-.4m'^\v'.4m'\h'|\\n:u'
|
||
|
|
. \" for low resolution devices (crt and lpr)
|
||
|
|
.if \n(.H>23 .if \n(.V>19 \
|
||
|
|
\{\
|
||
|
|
. ds : e
|
||
|
|
. ds 8 ss
|
||
|
|
. ds o a
|
||
|
|
. ds d- d\h'-1'\(ga
|
||
|
|
. ds D- D\h'-1'\(hy
|
||
|
|
. ds th \o'bp'
|
||
|
|
. ds Th \o'LP'
|
||
|
|
. ds ae ae
|
||
|
|
. ds Ae AE
|
||
|
|
.\}
|
||
|
|
.rm #[ #] #H #V #F C
|
||
|
|
.\" ========================================================================
|
||
|
|
.\"
|
||
|
|
.IX Title "GDB 1"
|
||
|
|
.TH GDB 1 "2017-02-16" "gdb-7.12.1.20170215-git" "GNU Development Tools"
|
||
|
|
.\" For nroff, turn off justification. Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
|
||
|
|
.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
|
||
|
|
.if n .ad l
|
||
|
|
.nh
|
||
|
|
.SH "NAME"
|
||
|
|
gdb \- The GNU Debugger
|
||
|
|
.SH "SYNOPSIS"
|
||
|
|
.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
|
||
|
|
gdb [\fB\-help\fR] [\fB\-nh\fR] [\fB\-nx\fR] [\fB\-q\fR]
|
||
|
|
[\fB\-batch\fR] [\fB\-cd=\fR\fIdir\fR] [\fB\-f\fR]
|
||
|
|
[\fB\-b\fR\ \fIbps\fR]
|
||
|
|
[\fB\-tty=\fR\fIdev\fR] [\fB\-s\fR \fIsymfile\fR]
|
||
|
|
[\fB\-e\fR\ \fIprog\fR] [\fB\-se\fR\ \fIprog\fR]
|
||
|
|
[\fB\-c\fR\ \fIcore\fR] [\fB\-p\fR\ \fIprocID\fR]
|
||
|
|
[\fB\-x\fR\ \fIcmds\fR] [\fB\-d\fR\ \fIdir\fR]
|
||
|
|
[\fIprog\fR|\fIprog\fR \fIprocID\fR|\fIprog\fR \fIcore\fR]
|
||
|
|
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
|
||
|
|
.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
|
||
|
|
The purpose of a debugger such as \s-1GDB\s0 is to allow you to see what is
|
||
|
|
going on \*(L"inside\*(R" another program while it executes \*(-- or what another
|
||
|
|
program was doing at the moment it crashed.
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
\&\s-1GDB\s0 can do four main kinds of things (plus other things in support of
|
||
|
|
these) to help you catch bugs in the act:
|
||
|
|
.IP "\(bu" 4
|
||
|
|
Start your program, specifying anything that might affect its behavior.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\(bu" 4
|
||
|
|
Make your program stop on specified conditions.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\(bu" 4
|
||
|
|
Examine what has happened, when your program has stopped.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\(bu" 4
|
||
|
|
Change things in your program, so you can experiment with correcting the
|
||
|
|
effects of one bug and go on to learn about another.
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
You can use \s-1GDB\s0 to debug programs written in C, C@t{++}, Fortran and
|
||
|
|
Modula\-2.
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
\&\s-1GDB\s0 is invoked with the shell command \f(CW\*(C`gdb\*(C'\fR. Once started, it reads
|
||
|
|
commands from the terminal until you tell it to exit with the \s-1GDB\s0
|
||
|
|
command \f(CW\*(C`quit\*(C'\fR. You can get online help from \s-1GDB\s0 itself
|
||
|
|
by using the command \f(CW\*(C`help\*(C'\fR.
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
You can run \f(CW\*(C`gdb\*(C'\fR with no arguments or options; but the most
|
||
|
|
usual way to start \s-1GDB\s0 is with one argument or two, specifying an
|
||
|
|
executable program as the argument:
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
.Vb 1
|
||
|
|
\& gdb program
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
You can also start with both an executable program and a core file specified:
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
.Vb 1
|
||
|
|
\& gdb program core
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
You can, instead, specify a process \s-1ID\s0 as a second argument, if you want
|
||
|
|
to debug a running process:
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
.Vb 2
|
||
|
|
\& gdb program 1234
|
||
|
|
\& gdb \-p 1234
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
would attach \s-1GDB\s0 to process \f(CW1234\fR (unless you also have a file
|
||
|
|
named \fI1234\fR; \s-1GDB\s0 does check for a core file first).
|
||
|
|
With option \fB\-p\fR you can omit the \fIprogram\fR filename.
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
Here are some of the most frequently needed \s-1GDB\s0 commands:
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBbreak [\fR\fIfile\fR\fB:]\fR\fIfunction\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "break [file:]function"
|
||
|
|
Set a breakpoint at \fIfunction\fR (in \fIfile\fR).
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBrun [\fR\fIarglist\fR\fB]\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "run [arglist]"
|
||
|
|
Start your program (with \fIarglist\fR, if specified).
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBbt\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "bt"
|
||
|
|
Backtrace: display the program stack.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBprint\fR \fIexpr\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "print expr"
|
||
|
|
Display the value of an expression.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBc\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "c"
|
||
|
|
Continue running your program (after stopping, e.g. at a breakpoint).
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBnext\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "next"
|
||
|
|
Execute next program line (after stopping); step \fIover\fR any
|
||
|
|
function calls in the line.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBedit [\fR\fIfile\fR\fB:]\fR\fIfunction\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "edit [file:]function"
|
||
|
|
look at the program line where it is presently stopped.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBlist [\fR\fIfile\fR\fB:]\fR\fIfunction\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "list [file:]function"
|
||
|
|
type the text of the program in the vicinity of where it is presently stopped.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBstep\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "step"
|
||
|
|
Execute next program line (after stopping); step \fIinto\fR any
|
||
|
|
function calls in the line.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBhelp [\fR\fIname\fR\fB]\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "help [name]"
|
||
|
|
Show information about \s-1GDB\s0 command \fIname\fR, or general information
|
||
|
|
about using \s-1GDB.\s0
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBquit\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "quit"
|
||
|
|
Exit from \s-1GDB.\s0
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
For full details on \s-1GDB,\s0
|
||
|
|
see \fIUsing \s-1GDB: A\s0 Guide to the \s-1GNU\s0 Source-Level Debugger\fR,
|
||
|
|
by Richard M. Stallman and Roland H. Pesch. The same text is available online
|
||
|
|
as the \f(CW\*(C`gdb\*(C'\fR entry in the \f(CW\*(C`info\*(C'\fR program.
|
||
|
|
.SH "OPTIONS"
|
||
|
|
.IX Header "OPTIONS"
|
||
|
|
Any arguments other than options specify an executable
|
||
|
|
file and core file (or process \s-1ID\s0); that is, the first argument
|
||
|
|
encountered with no
|
||
|
|
associated option flag is equivalent to a \fB\-se\fR option, and the second,
|
||
|
|
if any, is equivalent to a \fB\-c\fR option if it's the name of a file.
|
||
|
|
Many options have
|
||
|
|
both long and short forms; both are shown here. The long forms are also
|
||
|
|
recognized if you truncate them, so long as enough of the option is
|
||
|
|
present to be unambiguous. (If you prefer, you can flag option
|
||
|
|
arguments with \fB+\fR rather than \fB\-\fR, though we illustrate the
|
||
|
|
more usual convention.)
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
All the options and command line arguments you give are processed
|
||
|
|
in sequential order. The order makes a difference when the \fB\-x\fR
|
||
|
|
option is used.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-help\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "-help"
|
||
|
|
.PD 0
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-h\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "-h"
|
||
|
|
.PD
|
||
|
|
List all options, with brief explanations.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-symbols=\fR\fIfile\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "-symbols=file"
|
||
|
|
.PD 0
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-s\fR \fIfile\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "-s file"
|
||
|
|
.PD
|
||
|
|
Read symbol table from file \fIfile\fR.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-write\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "-write"
|
||
|
|
Enable writing into executable and core files.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-exec=\fR\fIfile\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "-exec=file"
|
||
|
|
.PD 0
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-e\fR \fIfile\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "-e file"
|
||
|
|
.PD
|
||
|
|
Use file \fIfile\fR as the executable file to execute when
|
||
|
|
appropriate, and for examining pure data in conjunction with a core
|
||
|
|
dump.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-se=\fR\fIfile\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "-se=file"
|
||
|
|
Read symbol table from file \fIfile\fR and use it as the executable
|
||
|
|
file.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-core=\fR\fIfile\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "-core=file"
|
||
|
|
.PD 0
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-c\fR \fIfile\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "-c file"
|
||
|
|
.PD
|
||
|
|
Use file \fIfile\fR as a core dump to examine.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-command=\fR\fIfile\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "-command=file"
|
||
|
|
.PD 0
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-x\fR \fIfile\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "-x file"
|
||
|
|
.PD
|
||
|
|
Execute \s-1GDB\s0 commands from file \fIfile\fR.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-ex\fR \fIcommand\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "-ex command"
|
||
|
|
Execute given \s-1GDB \s0\fIcommand\fR.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-directory=\fR\fIdirectory\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "-directory=directory"
|
||
|
|
.PD 0
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-d\fR \fIdirectory\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "-d directory"
|
||
|
|
.PD
|
||
|
|
Add \fIdirectory\fR to the path to search for source files.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-nh\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "-nh"
|
||
|
|
Do not execute commands from \fI~/.gdbinit\fR.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-nx\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "-nx"
|
||
|
|
.PD 0
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-n\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "-n"
|
||
|
|
.PD
|
||
|
|
Do not execute commands from any \fI.gdbinit\fR initialization files.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-quiet\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "-quiet"
|
||
|
|
.PD 0
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-q\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "-q"
|
||
|
|
.PD
|
||
|
|
\&\*(L"Quiet\*(R". Do not print the introductory and copyright messages. These
|
||
|
|
messages are also suppressed in batch mode.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-batch\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "-batch"
|
||
|
|
Run in batch mode. Exit with status \f(CW0\fR after processing all the command
|
||
|
|
files specified with \fB\-x\fR (and \fI.gdbinit\fR, if not inhibited).
|
||
|
|
Exit with nonzero status if an error occurs in executing the \s-1GDB\s0
|
||
|
|
commands in the command files.
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Batch mode may be useful for running \s-1GDB\s0 as a filter, for example to
|
||
|
|
download and run a program on another computer; in order to make this
|
||
|
|
more useful, the message
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 1
|
||
|
|
\& Program exited normally.
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
(which is ordinarily issued whenever a program running under \s-1GDB\s0 control
|
||
|
|
terminates) is not issued when running in batch mode.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-cd=\fR\fIdirectory\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "-cd=directory"
|
||
|
|
Run \s-1GDB\s0 using \fIdirectory\fR as its working directory,
|
||
|
|
instead of the current directory.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-fullname\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "-fullname"
|
||
|
|
.PD 0
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-f\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "-f"
|
||
|
|
.PD
|
||
|
|
Emacs sets this option when it runs \s-1GDB\s0 as a subprocess. It tells
|
||
|
|
\&\s-1GDB\s0 to output the full file name and line number in a standard,
|
||
|
|
recognizable fashion each time a stack frame is displayed (which
|
||
|
|
includes each time the program stops). This recognizable format looks
|
||
|
|
like two \fB\e032\fR characters, followed by the file name, line number
|
||
|
|
and character position separated by colons, and a newline. The
|
||
|
|
Emacs-to-GDB interface program uses the two \fB\e032\fR
|
||
|
|
characters as a signal to display the source code for the frame.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-b\fR \fIbps\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "-b bps"
|
||
|
|
Set the line speed (baud rate or bits per second) of any serial
|
||
|
|
interface used by \s-1GDB\s0 for remote debugging.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-tty=\fR\fIdevice\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "-tty=device"
|
||
|
|
Run using \fIdevice\fR for your program's standard input and output.
|
||
|
|
.SH "SEE ALSO"
|
||
|
|
.IX Header "SEE ALSO"
|
||
|
|
The full documentation for \s-1GDB\s0 is maintained as a Texinfo manual.
|
||
|
|
If the \f(CW\*(C`info\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`gdb\*(C'\fR programs and \s-1GDB\s0's Texinfo
|
||
|
|
documentation are properly installed at your site, the command
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
.Vb 1
|
||
|
|
\& info gdb
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
should give you access to the complete manual.
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
\&\fIUsing \s-1GDB: A\s0 Guide to the \s-1GNU\s0 Source-Level Debugger\fR,
|
||
|
|
Richard M. Stallman and Roland H. Pesch, July 1991.
|
||
|
|
.SH "COPYRIGHT"
|
||
|
|
.IX Header "COPYRIGHT"
|
||
|
|
Copyright (c) 1988\-2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
|
||
|
|
under the terms of the \s-1GNU\s0 Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or
|
||
|
|
any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the
|
||
|
|
Invariant Sections being \*(L"Free Software\*(R" and \*(L"Free Software Needs
|
||
|
|
Free Documentation\*(R", with the Front-Cover Texts being \*(L"A \s-1GNU\s0 Manual,\*(R"
|
||
|
|
and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below.
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
(a) The \s-1FSF\s0's Back-Cover Text is: \*(L"You are free to copy and modify
|
||
|
|
this \s-1GNU\s0 Manual. Buying copies from \s-1GNU\s0 Press supports the \s-1FSF\s0 in
|
||
|
|
developing \s-1GNU\s0 and promoting software freedom.\*(R"
|