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445 lines
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
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<!-- Copyright (C) 1991-2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
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under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3
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or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
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with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no
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<!-- Created by GNU Texinfo 5.2, http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/ -->
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<head>
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<title>GNU Binary Utilities: dlltool</title>
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<meta name="description" content="GNU Binary Utilities: dlltool">
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<meta name="keywords" content="GNU Binary Utilities: dlltool">
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<link href="index.html#Top" rel="start" title="Top">
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<link href="Binutils-Index.html#Binutils-Index" rel="index" title="Binutils Index">
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<link href="index.html#SEC_Contents" rel="contents" title="Table of Contents">
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<link href="index.html#Top" rel="up" title="Top">
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<link href="def-file-format.html#def-file-format" rel="next" title="def file format">
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<body lang="en" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#800080" alink="#FF0000">
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<a name="dlltool"></a>
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<div class="header">
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<p>
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Next: <a href="readelf.html#readelf" accesskey="n" rel="next">readelf</a>, Previous: <a href="windres.html#windres" accesskey="p" rel="prev">windres</a>, Up: <a href="index.html#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="Binutils-Index.html#Binutils-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
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</div>
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<hr>
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<a name="dlltool-1"></a>
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<h2 class="chapter">14 dlltool</h2>
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<a name="index-DLL"></a>
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<a name="index-dlltool"></a>
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<p><code>dlltool</code> is used to create the files needed to create dynamic
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link libraries (DLLs) on systems which understand PE format image
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files such as Windows. A DLL contains an export table which contains
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information that the runtime loader needs to resolve references from a
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referencing program.
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</p>
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<p>The export table is generated by this program by reading in a
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<samp>.def</samp> file or scanning the <samp>.a</samp> and <samp>.o</samp> files which
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will be in the DLL. A <samp>.o</samp> file can contain information in
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special ‘<samp>.drectve</samp>’ sections with export information.
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</p>
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<blockquote>
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<p><em>Note:</em> <code>dlltool</code> is not always built as part of the
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binary utilities, since it is only useful for those targets which
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support DLLs.
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</p></blockquote>
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<div class="smallexample">
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<pre class="smallexample">dlltool [<samp>-d</samp>|<samp>--input-def</samp> <var>def-file-name</var>]
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[<samp>-b</samp>|<samp>--base-file</samp> <var>base-file-name</var>]
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[<samp>-e</samp>|<samp>--output-exp</samp> <var>exports-file-name</var>]
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[<samp>-z</samp>|<samp>--output-def</samp> <var>def-file-name</var>]
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[<samp>-l</samp>|<samp>--output-lib</samp> <var>library-file-name</var>]
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[<samp>-y</samp>|<samp>--output-delaylib</samp> <var>library-file-name</var>]
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[<samp>--export-all-symbols</samp>] [<samp>--no-export-all-symbols</samp>]
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[<samp>--exclude-symbols</samp> <var>list</var>]
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[<samp>--no-default-excludes</samp>]
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[<samp>-S</samp>|<samp>--as</samp> <var>path-to-assembler</var>] [<samp>-f</samp>|<samp>--as-flags</samp> <var>options</var>]
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[<samp>-D</samp>|<samp>--dllname</samp> <var>name</var>] [<samp>-m</samp>|<samp>--machine</samp> <var>machine</var>]
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[<samp>-a</samp>|<samp>--add-indirect</samp>]
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[<samp>-U</samp>|<samp>--add-underscore</samp>] [<samp>--add-stdcall-underscore</samp>]
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[<samp>-k</samp>|<samp>--kill-at</samp>] [<samp>-A</samp>|<samp>--add-stdcall-alias</samp>]
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[<samp>-p</samp>|<samp>--ext-prefix-alias</samp> <var>prefix</var>]
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[<samp>-x</samp>|<samp>--no-idata4</samp>] [<samp>-c</samp>|<samp>--no-idata5</samp>]
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[<samp>--use-nul-prefixed-import-tables</samp>]
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[<samp>-I</samp>|<samp>--identify</samp> <var>library-file-name</var>] [<samp>--identify-strict</samp>]
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[<samp>-i</samp>|<samp>--interwork</samp>]
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[<samp>-n</samp>|<samp>--nodelete</samp>] [<samp>-t</samp>|<samp>--temp-prefix</samp> <var>prefix</var>]
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[<samp>-v</samp>|<samp>--verbose</samp>]
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[<samp>-h</samp>|<samp>--help</samp>] [<samp>-V</samp>|<samp>--version</samp>]
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[<samp>--no-leading-underscore</samp>] [<samp>--leading-underscore</samp>]
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[object-file …]
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</pre></div>
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<p><code>dlltool</code> reads its inputs, which can come from the <samp>-d</samp> and
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<samp>-b</samp> options as well as object files specified on the command
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line. It then processes these inputs and if the <samp>-e</samp> option has
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been specified it creates a exports file. If the <samp>-l</samp> option
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has been specified it creates a library file and if the <samp>-z</samp> option
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has been specified it creates a def file. Any or all of the <samp>-e</samp>,
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<samp>-l</samp> and <samp>-z</samp> options can be present in one invocation of
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dlltool.
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</p>
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<p>When creating a DLL, along with the source for the DLL, it is necessary
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to have three other files. <code>dlltool</code> can help with the creation of
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these files.
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</p>
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<p>The first file is a <samp>.def</samp> file which specifies which functions are
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exported from the DLL, which functions the DLL imports, and so on. This
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is a text file and can be created by hand, or <code>dlltool</code> can be used
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to create it using the <samp>-z</samp> option. In this case <code>dlltool</code>
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will scan the object files specified on its command line looking for
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those functions which have been specially marked as being exported and
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put entries for them in the <samp>.def</samp> file it creates.
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</p>
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<p>In order to mark a function as being exported from a DLL, it needs to
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have an <samp>-export:<name_of_function></samp> entry in the ‘<samp>.drectve</samp>’
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section of the object file. This can be done in C by using the
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asm() operator:
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</p>
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<div class="smallexample">
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<pre class="smallexample"> asm (".section .drectve");
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asm (".ascii \"-export:my_func\"");
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int my_func (void) { … }
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</pre></div>
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<p>The second file needed for DLL creation is an exports file. This file
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is linked with the object files that make up the body of the DLL and it
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handles the interface between the DLL and the outside world. This is a
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binary file and it can be created by giving the <samp>-e</samp> option to
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<code>dlltool</code> when it is creating or reading in a <samp>.def</samp> file.
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</p>
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<p>The third file needed for DLL creation is the library file that programs
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will link with in order to access the functions in the DLL (an ‘import
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library’). This file can be created by giving the <samp>-l</samp> option to
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dlltool when it is creating or reading in a <samp>.def</samp> file.
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</p>
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<p>If the <samp>-y</samp> option is specified, dlltool generates a delay-import
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library that can be used instead of the normal import library to allow
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a program to link to the dll only as soon as an imported function is
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called for the first time. The resulting executable will need to be
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linked to the static delayimp library containing __delayLoadHelper2(),
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which in turn will import LoadLibraryA and GetProcAddress from kernel32.
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</p>
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<p><code>dlltool</code> builds the library file by hand, but it builds the
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exports file by creating temporary files containing assembler statements
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and then assembling these. The <samp>-S</samp> command line option can be
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used to specify the path to the assembler that dlltool will use,
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and the <samp>-f</samp> option can be used to pass specific flags to that
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assembler. The <samp>-n</samp> can be used to prevent dlltool from deleting
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these temporary assembler files when it is done, and if <samp>-n</samp> is
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specified twice then this will prevent dlltool from deleting the
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temporary object files it used to build the library.
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</p>
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<p>Here is an example of creating a DLL from a source file ‘<samp>dll.c</samp>’ and
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also creating a program (from an object file called ‘<samp>program.o</samp>’)
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that uses that DLL:
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</p>
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<div class="smallexample">
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<pre class="smallexample"> gcc -c dll.c
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dlltool -e exports.o -l dll.lib dll.o
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gcc dll.o exports.o -o dll.dll
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gcc program.o dll.lib -o program
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</pre></div>
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<p><code>dlltool</code> may also be used to query an existing import library
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to determine the name of the DLL to which it is associated. See the
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description of the <samp>-I</samp> or <samp>--identify</samp> option.
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</p>
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<p>The command line options have the following meanings:
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</p>
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<dl compact="compact">
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<dt><code>-d <var>filename</var></code></dt>
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<dt><code>--input-def <var>filename</var></code></dt>
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<dd><a name="index-input-_002edef-file"></a>
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<p>Specifies the name of a <samp>.def</samp> file to be read in and processed.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><code>-b <var>filename</var></code></dt>
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<dt><code>--base-file <var>filename</var></code></dt>
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<dd><a name="index-base-files"></a>
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<p>Specifies the name of a base file to be read in and processed. The
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contents of this file will be added to the relocation section in the
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exports file generated by dlltool.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><code>-e <var>filename</var></code></dt>
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<dt><code>--output-exp <var>filename</var></code></dt>
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<dd><p>Specifies the name of the export file to be created by dlltool.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><code>-z <var>filename</var></code></dt>
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<dt><code>--output-def <var>filename</var></code></dt>
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<dd><p>Specifies the name of the <samp>.def</samp> file to be created by dlltool.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><code>-l <var>filename</var></code></dt>
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<dt><code>--output-lib <var>filename</var></code></dt>
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<dd><p>Specifies the name of the library file to be created by dlltool.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><code>-y <var>filename</var></code></dt>
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<dt><code>--output-delaylib <var>filename</var></code></dt>
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<dd><p>Specifies the name of the delay-import library file to be created by dlltool.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><code>--export-all-symbols</code></dt>
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<dd><p>Treat all global and weak defined symbols found in the input object
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files as symbols to be exported. There is a small list of symbols which
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are not exported by default; see the <samp>--no-default-excludes</samp>
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option. You may add to the list of symbols to not export by using the
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<samp>--exclude-symbols</samp> option.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><code>--no-export-all-symbols</code></dt>
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<dd><p>Only export symbols explicitly listed in an input <samp>.def</samp> file or in
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‘<samp>.drectve</samp>’ sections in the input object files. This is the default
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behaviour. The ‘<samp>.drectve</samp>’ sections are created by ‘<samp>dllexport</samp>’
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attributes in the source code.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><code>--exclude-symbols <var>list</var></code></dt>
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<dd><p>Do not export the symbols in <var>list</var>. This is a list of symbol names
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separated by comma or colon characters. The symbol names should not
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contain a leading underscore. This is only meaningful when
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<samp>--export-all-symbols</samp> is used.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><code>--no-default-excludes</code></dt>
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<dd><p>When <samp>--export-all-symbols</samp> is used, it will by default avoid
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exporting certain special symbols. The current list of symbols to avoid
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exporting is ‘<samp>DllMain@12</samp>’, ‘<samp>DllEntryPoint@0</samp>’,
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‘<samp>impure_ptr</samp>’. You may use the <samp>--no-default-excludes</samp> option
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to go ahead and export these special symbols. This is only meaningful
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when <samp>--export-all-symbols</samp> is used.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><code>-S <var>path</var></code></dt>
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<dt><code>--as <var>path</var></code></dt>
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<dd><p>Specifies the path, including the filename, of the assembler to be used
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to create the exports file.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><code>-f <var>options</var></code></dt>
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<dt><code>--as-flags <var>options</var></code></dt>
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<dd><p>Specifies any specific command line options to be passed to the
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assembler when building the exports file. This option will work even if
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the <samp>-S</samp> option is not used. This option only takes one argument,
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and if it occurs more than once on the command line, then later
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occurrences will override earlier occurrences. So if it is necessary to
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pass multiple options to the assembler they should be enclosed in
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double quotes.
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
</dd>
|
||
|
|
<dt><code>-D <var>name</var></code></dt>
|
||
|
|
<dt><code>--dll-name <var>name</var></code></dt>
|
||
|
|
<dd><p>Specifies the name to be stored in the <samp>.def</samp> file as the name of
|
||
|
|
the DLL when the <samp>-e</samp> option is used. If this option is not
|
||
|
|
present, then the filename given to the <samp>-e</samp> option will be
|
||
|
|
used as the name of the DLL.
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
</dd>
|
||
|
|
<dt><code>-m <var>machine</var></code></dt>
|
||
|
|
<dt><code>-machine <var>machine</var></code></dt>
|
||
|
|
<dd><p>Specifies the type of machine for which the library file should be
|
||
|
|
built. <code>dlltool</code> has a built in default type, depending upon how
|
||
|
|
it was created, but this option can be used to override that. This is
|
||
|
|
normally only useful when creating DLLs for an ARM processor, when the
|
||
|
|
contents of the DLL are actually encode using Thumb instructions.
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
</dd>
|
||
|
|
<dt><code>-a</code></dt>
|
||
|
|
<dt><code>--add-indirect</code></dt>
|
||
|
|
<dd><p>Specifies that when <code>dlltool</code> is creating the exports file it
|
||
|
|
should add a section which allows the exported functions to be
|
||
|
|
referenced without using the import library. Whatever the hell that
|
||
|
|
means!
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
</dd>
|
||
|
|
<dt><code>-U</code></dt>
|
||
|
|
<dt><code>--add-underscore</code></dt>
|
||
|
|
<dd><p>Specifies that when <code>dlltool</code> is creating the exports file it
|
||
|
|
should prepend an underscore to the names of <em>all</em> exported symbols.
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
</dd>
|
||
|
|
<dt><code>--no-leading-underscore</code></dt>
|
||
|
|
<dt><code>--leading-underscore</code></dt>
|
||
|
|
<dd><p>Specifies whether standard symbol should be forced to be prefixed, or
|
||
|
|
not.
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
</dd>
|
||
|
|
<dt><code>--add-stdcall-underscore</code></dt>
|
||
|
|
<dd><p>Specifies that when <code>dlltool</code> is creating the exports file it
|
||
|
|
should prepend an underscore to the names of exported <em>stdcall</em>
|
||
|
|
functions. Variable names and non-stdcall function names are not modified.
|
||
|
|
This option is useful when creating GNU-compatible import libs for third
|
||
|
|
party DLLs that were built with MS-Windows tools.
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
</dd>
|
||
|
|
<dt><code>-k</code></dt>
|
||
|
|
<dt><code>--kill-at</code></dt>
|
||
|
|
<dd><p>Specifies that ‘<samp>@<number></samp>’ suffixes should be omitted from the names
|
||
|
|
of stdcall functions that will be imported from the DLL. This is
|
||
|
|
useful when creating an import library for a DLL which exports stdcall
|
||
|
|
functions but without the usual ‘<samp>@<number></samp>’ symbol name suffix.
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
<p>This does not change the naming of symbols provided by the import library
|
||
|
|
to programs linked against it, but only the entries in the import table
|
||
|
|
(ie the .idata section).
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
</dd>
|
||
|
|
<dt><code>-A</code></dt>
|
||
|
|
<dt><code>--add-stdcall-alias</code></dt>
|
||
|
|
<dd><p>Specifies that when <code>dlltool</code> is creating the exports file it
|
||
|
|
should add aliases for stdcall symbols without ‘<samp>@ <number></samp>’
|
||
|
|
in addition to the symbols with ‘<samp>@ <number></samp>’.
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
</dd>
|
||
|
|
<dt><code>-p</code></dt>
|
||
|
|
<dt><code>--ext-prefix-alias <var>prefix</var></code></dt>
|
||
|
|
<dd><p>Causes <code>dlltool</code> to create external aliases for all DLL
|
||
|
|
imports with the specified prefix. The aliases are created for both
|
||
|
|
external and import symbols with no leading underscore.
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
</dd>
|
||
|
|
<dt><code>-x</code></dt>
|
||
|
|
<dt><code>--no-idata4</code></dt>
|
||
|
|
<dd><p>Specifies that when <code>dlltool</code> is creating the exports and library
|
||
|
|
files it should omit the <code>.idata4</code> section. This is for compatibility
|
||
|
|
with certain operating systems.
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
</dd>
|
||
|
|
<dt><code>--use-nul-prefixed-import-tables</code></dt>
|
||
|
|
<dd><p>Specifies that when <code>dlltool</code> is creating the exports and library
|
||
|
|
files it should prefix the <code>.idata4</code> and <code>.idata5</code> by zero an
|
||
|
|
element. This emulates old gnu import library generation of
|
||
|
|
<code>dlltool</code>. By default this option is turned off.
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
</dd>
|
||
|
|
<dt><code>-c</code></dt>
|
||
|
|
<dt><code>--no-idata5</code></dt>
|
||
|
|
<dd><p>Specifies that when <code>dlltool</code> is creating the exports and library
|
||
|
|
files it should omit the <code>.idata5</code> section. This is for compatibility
|
||
|
|
with certain operating systems.
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
</dd>
|
||
|
|
<dt><code>-I <var>filename</var></code></dt>
|
||
|
|
<dt><code>--identify <var>filename</var></code></dt>
|
||
|
|
<dd><p>Specifies that <code>dlltool</code> should inspect the import library
|
||
|
|
indicated by <var>filename</var> and report, on <code>stdout</code>, the name(s)
|
||
|
|
of the associated DLL(s). This can be performed in addition to any
|
||
|
|
other operations indicated by the other options and arguments.
|
||
|
|
<code>dlltool</code> fails if the import library does not exist or is not
|
||
|
|
actually an import library. See also <samp>--identify-strict</samp>.
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
</dd>
|
||
|
|
<dt><code>--identify-strict</code></dt>
|
||
|
|
<dd><p>Modifies the behavior of the <samp>--identify</samp> option, such
|
||
|
|
that an error is reported if <var>filename</var> is associated with
|
||
|
|
more than one DLL.
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
</dd>
|
||
|
|
<dt><code>-i</code></dt>
|
||
|
|
<dt><code>--interwork</code></dt>
|
||
|
|
<dd><p>Specifies that <code>dlltool</code> should mark the objects in the library
|
||
|
|
file and exports file that it produces as supporting interworking
|
||
|
|
between ARM and Thumb code.
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
</dd>
|
||
|
|
<dt><code>-n</code></dt>
|
||
|
|
<dt><code>--nodelete</code></dt>
|
||
|
|
<dd><p>Makes <code>dlltool</code> preserve the temporary assembler files it used to
|
||
|
|
create the exports file. If this option is repeated then dlltool will
|
||
|
|
also preserve the temporary object files it uses to create the library
|
||
|
|
file.
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
</dd>
|
||
|
|
<dt><code>-t <var>prefix</var></code></dt>
|
||
|
|
<dt><code>--temp-prefix <var>prefix</var></code></dt>
|
||
|
|
<dd><p>Makes <code>dlltool</code> use <var>prefix</var> when constructing the names of
|
||
|
|
temporary assembler and object files. By default, the temp file prefix
|
||
|
|
is generated from the pid.
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
</dd>
|
||
|
|
<dt><code>-v</code></dt>
|
||
|
|
<dt><code>--verbose</code></dt>
|
||
|
|
<dd><p>Make dlltool describe what it is doing.
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
</dd>
|
||
|
|
<dt><code>-h</code></dt>
|
||
|
|
<dt><code>--help</code></dt>
|
||
|
|
<dd><p>Displays a list of command line options and then exits.
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
</dd>
|
||
|
|
<dt><code>-V</code></dt>
|
||
|
|
<dt><code>--version</code></dt>
|
||
|
|
<dd><p>Displays dlltool’s version number and then exits.
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
</dd>
|
||
|
|
</dl>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
|
||
|
|
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="def-file-format.html#def-file-format" accesskey="1">def file format</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">The format of the dlltool <samp>.def</samp> file
|
||
|
|
</td></tr>
|
||
|
|
</table>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<hr>
|
||
|
|
<div class="header">
|
||
|
|
<p>
|
||
|
|
Next: <a href="readelf.html#readelf" accesskey="n" rel="next">readelf</a>, Previous: <a href="windres.html#windres" accesskey="p" rel="prev">windres</a>, Up: <a href="index.html#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="Binutils-Index.html#Binutils-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</body>
|
||
|
|
</html>
|