216 lines
10 KiB
HTML
216 lines
10 KiB
HTML
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
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<html>
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<!-- This file documents the GNU linker LD
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(Linaro_Binutils-2017.02)
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version 2.27.0.
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Copyright (C) 1991-2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
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under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3
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or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
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with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no
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Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the
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section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License". -->
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<!-- Created by GNU Texinfo 5.2, http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/ -->
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<head>
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<title>LD: Input Section Wildcards</title>
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<meta name="description" content="LD: Input Section Wildcards">
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<meta name="keywords" content="LD: Input Section Wildcards">
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<meta name="resource-type" content="document">
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<meta name="distribution" content="global">
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<meta name="Generator" content="makeinfo">
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
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<link href="index.html#Top" rel="start" title="Top">
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<link href="LD-Index.html#LD-Index" rel="index" title="LD Index">
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<link href="index.html#SEC_Contents" rel="contents" title="Table of Contents">
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<link href="Input-Section.html#Input-Section" rel="up" title="Input Section">
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<link href="Input-Section-Common.html#Input-Section-Common" rel="next" title="Input Section Common">
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<link href="Input-Section-Basics.html#Input-Section-Basics" rel="prev" title="Input Section Basics">
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<style type="text/css">
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<!--
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a.summary-letter {text-decoration: none}
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blockquote.smallquotation {font-size: smaller}
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div.display {margin-left: 3.2em}
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div.example {margin-left: 3.2em}
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div.smallindentedblock {margin-left: 3.2em; font-size: smaller}
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div.smalllisp {margin-left: 3.2em}
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kbd {font-style:oblique}
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pre.display {font-family: inherit}
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pre.format {font-family: inherit}
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pre.menu-comment {font-family: serif}
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pre.menu-preformatted {font-family: serif}
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pre.smalldisplay {font-family: inherit; font-size: smaller}
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pre.smallexample {font-size: smaller}
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pre.smallformat {font-family: inherit; font-size: smaller}
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pre.smalllisp {font-size: smaller}
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span.nocodebreak {white-space:nowrap}
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span.nolinebreak {white-space:nowrap}
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span.roman {font-family:serif; font-weight:normal}
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span.sansserif {font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:normal}
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ul.no-bullet {list-style: none}
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-->
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</style>
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</head>
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<body lang="en" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#800080" alink="#FF0000">
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<a name="Input-Section-Wildcards"></a>
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<div class="header">
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<p>
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Next: <a href="Input-Section-Common.html#Input-Section-Common" accesskey="n" rel="next">Input Section Common</a>, Previous: <a href="Input-Section-Basics.html#Input-Section-Basics" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Input Section Basics</a>, Up: <a href="Input-Section.html#Input-Section" accesskey="u" rel="up">Input Section</a> [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="LD-Index.html#LD-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
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</div>
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<hr>
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<a name="Input-Section-Wildcard-Patterns"></a>
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<h4 class="subsubsection">3.6.4.2 Input Section Wildcard Patterns</h4>
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<a name="index-input-section-wildcards"></a>
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<a name="index-wildcard-file-name-patterns"></a>
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<a name="index-file-name-wildcard-patterns"></a>
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<a name="index-section-name-wildcard-patterns"></a>
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<p>In an input section description, either the file name or the section
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name or both may be wildcard patterns.
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</p>
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<p>The file name of ‘<samp>*</samp>’ seen in many examples is a simple wildcard
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pattern for the file name.
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</p>
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<p>The wildcard patterns are like those used by the Unix shell.
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</p>
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<dl compact="compact">
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<dt>‘<samp>*</samp>’</dt>
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<dd><p>matches any number of characters
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</p></dd>
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<dt>‘<samp>?</samp>’</dt>
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<dd><p>matches any single character
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</p></dd>
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<dt>‘<samp>[<var>chars</var>]</samp>’</dt>
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<dd><p>matches a single instance of any of the <var>chars</var>; the ‘<samp>-</samp>’
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character may be used to specify a range of characters, as in
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‘<samp>[a-z]</samp>’ to match any lower case letter
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</p></dd>
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<dt>‘<samp>\</samp>’</dt>
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<dd><p>quotes the following character
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</p></dd>
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</dl>
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<p>When a file name is matched with a wildcard, the wildcard characters
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will not match a ‘<samp>/</samp>’ character (used to separate directory names on
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Unix). A pattern consisting of a single ‘<samp>*</samp>’ character is an
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exception; it will always match any file name, whether it contains a
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‘<samp>/</samp>’ or not. In a section name, the wildcard characters will match
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a ‘<samp>/</samp>’ character.
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</p>
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<p>File name wildcard patterns only match files which are explicitly
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specified on the command line or in an <code>INPUT</code> command. The linker
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does not search directories to expand wildcards.
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</p>
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<p>If a file name matches more than one wildcard pattern, or if a file name
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appears explicitly and is also matched by a wildcard pattern, the linker
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will use the first match in the linker script. For example, this
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sequence of input section descriptions is probably in error, because the
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<samp>data.o</samp> rule will not be used:
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</p><div class="smallexample">
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<pre class="smallexample">.data : { *(.data) }
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.data1 : { data.o(.data) }
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</pre></div>
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<a name="index-SORT_005fBY_005fNAME"></a>
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<p>Normally, the linker will place files and sections matched by wildcards
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in the order in which they are seen during the link. You can change
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this by using the <code>SORT_BY_NAME</code> keyword, which appears before a wildcard
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pattern in parentheses (e.g., <code>SORT_BY_NAME(.text*)</code>). When the
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<code>SORT_BY_NAME</code> keyword is used, the linker will sort the files or sections
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into ascending order by name before placing them in the output file.
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</p>
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<a name="index-SORT_005fBY_005fALIGNMENT"></a>
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<p><code>SORT_BY_ALIGNMENT</code> is very similar to <code>SORT_BY_NAME</code>. The
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difference is <code>SORT_BY_ALIGNMENT</code> will sort sections into
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descending order by alignment before placing them in the output file.
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Larger alignments are placed before smaller alignments in order to
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reduce the amount of padding necessary.
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</p>
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<a name="index-SORT_005fBY_005fINIT_005fPRIORITY"></a>
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<p><code>SORT_BY_INIT_PRIORITY</code> is very similar to <code>SORT_BY_NAME</code>. The
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difference is <code>SORT_BY_INIT_PRIORITY</code> will sort sections into
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ascending order by numerical value of the GCC init_priority attribute
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encoded in the section name before placing them in the output file.
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</p>
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<a name="index-SORT"></a>
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<p><code>SORT</code> is an alias for <code>SORT_BY_NAME</code>.
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</p>
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<p>When there are nested section sorting commands in linker script, there
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can be at most 1 level of nesting for section sorting commands.
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</p>
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<ol>
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<li> <code>SORT_BY_NAME</code> (<code>SORT_BY_ALIGNMENT</code> (wildcard section pattern)).
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It will sort the input sections by name first, then by alignment if two
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sections have the same name.
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</li><li> <code>SORT_BY_ALIGNMENT</code> (<code>SORT_BY_NAME</code> (wildcard section pattern)).
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It will sort the input sections by alignment first, then by name if two
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sections have the same alignment.
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</li><li> <code>SORT_BY_NAME</code> (<code>SORT_BY_NAME</code> (wildcard section pattern)) is
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treated the same as <code>SORT_BY_NAME</code> (wildcard section pattern).
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</li><li> <code>SORT_BY_ALIGNMENT</code> (<code>SORT_BY_ALIGNMENT</code> (wildcard section pattern))
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is treated the same as <code>SORT_BY_ALIGNMENT</code> (wildcard section pattern).
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</li><li> All other nested section sorting commands are invalid.
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</li></ol>
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<p>When both command line section sorting option and linker script
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section sorting command are used, section sorting command always
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takes precedence over the command line option.
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</p>
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<p>If the section sorting command in linker script isn’t nested, the
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command line option will make the section sorting command to be
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treated as nested sorting command.
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</p>
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<ol>
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<li> <code>SORT_BY_NAME</code> (wildcard section pattern ) with
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<samp>--sort-sections alignment</samp> is equivalent to
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<code>SORT_BY_NAME</code> (<code>SORT_BY_ALIGNMENT</code> (wildcard section pattern)).
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</li><li> <code>SORT_BY_ALIGNMENT</code> (wildcard section pattern) with
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<samp>--sort-section name</samp> is equivalent to
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<code>SORT_BY_ALIGNMENT</code> (<code>SORT_BY_NAME</code> (wildcard section pattern)).
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</li></ol>
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<p>If the section sorting command in linker script is nested, the
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command line option will be ignored.
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</p>
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<a name="index-SORT_005fNONE"></a>
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<p><code>SORT_NONE</code> disables section sorting by ignoring the command line
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section sorting option.
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</p>
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<p>If you ever get confused about where input sections are going, use the
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‘<samp>-M</samp>’ linker option to generate a map file. The map file shows
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precisely how input sections are mapped to output sections.
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</p>
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<p>This example shows how wildcard patterns might be used to partition
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files. This linker script directs the linker to place all ‘<samp>.text</samp>’
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sections in ‘<samp>.text</samp>’ and all ‘<samp>.bss</samp>’ sections in ‘<samp>.bss</samp>’.
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The linker will place the ‘<samp>.data</samp>’ section from all files beginning
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with an upper case character in ‘<samp>.DATA</samp>’; for all other files, the
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linker will place the ‘<samp>.data</samp>’ section in ‘<samp>.data</samp>’.
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</p><div class="smallexample">
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<pre class="smallexample">SECTIONS {
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.text : { *(.text) }
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.DATA : { [A-Z]*(.data) }
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.data : { *(.data) }
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.bss : { *(.bss) }
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}
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</pre></div>
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<hr>
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<div class="header">
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<p>
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Next: <a href="Input-Section-Common.html#Input-Section-Common" accesskey="n" rel="next">Input Section Common</a>, Previous: <a href="Input-Section-Basics.html#Input-Section-Basics" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Input Section Basics</a>, Up: <a href="Input-Section.html#Input-Section" accesskey="u" rel="up">Input Section</a> [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="LD-Index.html#LD-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
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</div>
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</body>
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</html>
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