134 lines
5.9 KiB
HTML
134 lines
5.9 KiB
HTML
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
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<html>
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<!-- Copyright (C) 1988-2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
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under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or
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any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the
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Invariant Sections being "Funding Free Software", the Front-Cover
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Texts being (a) (see below), and with the Back-Cover Texts being (b)
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(see below). A copy of the license is included in the section entitled
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"GNU Free Documentation License".
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(a) The FSF's Front-Cover Text is:
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A GNU Manual
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(b) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is:
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You have freedom to copy and modify this GNU Manual, like GNU
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software. Copies published by the Free Software Foundation raise
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funds for GNU development. -->
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<!-- Created by GNU Texinfo 5.2, http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/ -->
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<head>
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<title>Using the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC): Method signatures</title>
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<meta name="description" content="Using the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC): Method signatures">
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<meta name="keywords" content="Using the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC): Method signatures">
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<link href="index.html#Top" rel="start" title="Top">
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<link href="Option-Index.html#Option-Index" rel="index" title="Option Index">
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<link href="index.html#SEC_Contents" rel="contents" title="Table of Contents">
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<link href="Type-encoding.html#Type-encoding" rel="up" title="Type encoding">
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<link href="Garbage-Collection.html#Garbage-Collection" rel="next" title="Garbage Collection">
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<link href="_0040encode.html#g_t_0040encode" rel="prev" title="@encode">
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<body lang="en" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#800080" alink="#FF0000">
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<a name="Method-signatures"></a>
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<div class="header">
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<p>
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Previous: <a href="_0040encode.html#g_t_0040encode" accesskey="p" rel="prev">@encode</a>, Up: <a href="Type-encoding.html#Type-encoding" accesskey="u" rel="up">Type encoding</a> [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="Option-Index.html#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
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</div>
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<hr>
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<a name="Method-Signatures"></a>
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<h4 class="subsection">8.3.3 Method Signatures</h4>
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<p>This section documents the encoding of method types, which is rarely
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needed to use Objective-C. You should skip it at a first reading; the
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runtime provides functions that will work on methods and can walk
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through the list of parameters and interpret them for you. These
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functions are part of the public “API” and are the preferred way to
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interact with method signatures from user code.
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</p>
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<p>But if you need to debug a problem with method signatures and need to
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know how they are implemented (i.e., the “ABI”), read on.
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</p>
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<p>Methods have their “signature” encoded and made available to the
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runtime. The “signature” encodes all the information required to
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dynamically build invocations of the method at runtime: return type
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and arguments.
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</p>
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<p>The “signature” is a null-terminated string, composed of the following:
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</p>
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<ul>
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<li> The return type, including type qualifiers. For example, a method
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returning <code>int</code> would have <code>i</code> here.
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</li><li> The total size (in bytes) required to pass all the parameters. This
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includes the two hidden parameters (the object <code>self</code> and the
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method selector <code>_cmd</code>).
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</li><li> Each argument, with the type encoding, followed by the offset (in
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bytes) of the argument in the list of parameters.
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</li></ul>
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<p>For example, a method with no arguments and returning <code>int</code> would
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have the signature <code>i8@0:4</code> if the size of a pointer is 4. The
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signature is interpreted as follows: the <code>i</code> is the return type
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(an <code>int</code>), the <code>8</code> is the total size of the parameters in
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bytes (two pointers each of size 4), the <code>@0</code> is the first
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parameter (an object at byte offset <code>0</code>) and <code>:4</code> is the
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second parameter (a <code>SEL</code> at byte offset <code>4</code>).
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</p>
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<p>You can easily find more examples by running the “strings” program
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on an Objective-C object file compiled by GCC. You’ll see a lot of
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strings that look very much like <code>i8@0:4</code>. They are signatures
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of Objective-C methods.
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</p>
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<hr>
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<div class="header">
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<p>
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Previous: <a href="_0040encode.html#g_t_0040encode" accesskey="p" rel="prev">@encode</a>, Up: <a href="Type-encoding.html#Type-encoding" accesskey="u" rel="up">Type encoding</a> [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="Option-Index.html#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
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</div>
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</body>
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</html>
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