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9.3 KiB
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217 lines
9.3 KiB
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
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<!-- Copyright (C) 1991-2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
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under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3
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or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
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with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no
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<!-- Created by GNU Texinfo 5.2, http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/ -->
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<head>
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<title>GNU Binary Utilities: strings</title>
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<meta name="description" content="GNU Binary Utilities: strings">
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<meta name="keywords" content="GNU Binary Utilities: strings">
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
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<link href="index.html#Top" rel="start" title="Top">
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<link href="Binutils-Index.html#Binutils-Index" rel="index" title="Binutils Index">
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<link href="index.html#SEC_Contents" rel="contents" title="Table of Contents">
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<link href="index.html#Top" rel="up" title="Top">
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<link href="strip.html#strip" rel="next" title="strip">
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<link href="size.html#size" rel="prev" title="size">
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<body lang="en" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#800080" alink="#FF0000">
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<a name="strings"></a>
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<div class="header">
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<p>
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Next: <a href="strip.html#strip" accesskey="n" rel="next">strip</a>, Previous: <a href="size.html#size" accesskey="p" rel="prev">size</a>, Up: <a href="index.html#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="Binutils-Index.html#Binutils-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
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</div>
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<hr>
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<a name="strings-1"></a>
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<h2 class="chapter">7 strings</h2>
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<a name="index-strings"></a>
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<a name="index-listings-strings"></a>
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<a name="index-printing-strings"></a>
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<a name="index-strings_002c-printing"></a>
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<div class="smallexample">
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<pre class="smallexample">strings [<samp>-afovV</samp>] [<samp>-</samp><var>min-len</var>]
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[<samp>-n</samp> <var>min-len</var>] [<samp>--bytes=</samp><var>min-len</var>]
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[<samp>-t</samp> <var>radix</var>] [<samp>--radix=</samp><var>radix</var>]
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[<samp>-e</samp> <var>encoding</var>] [<samp>--encoding=</samp><var>encoding</var>]
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[<samp>-</samp>] [<samp>--all</samp>] [<samp>--print-file-name</samp>]
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[<samp>-T</samp> <var>bfdname</var>] [<samp>--target=</samp><var>bfdname</var>]
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[<samp>-w</samp>] [<samp>--include-all-whitespace</samp>]
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[<samp>-s</samp>] [<samp>--output-separator</samp><var>sep_string</var>]
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[<samp>--help</samp>] [<samp>--version</samp>] <var>file</var>…
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</pre></div>
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<p>For each <var>file</var> given, <small>GNU</small> <code>strings</code> prints the
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printable character sequences that are at least 4 characters long (or
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the number given with the options below) and are followed by an
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unprintable character.
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</p>
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<p>Depending upon how the strings program was configured it will default
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to either displaying all the printable sequences that it can find in
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each file, or only those sequences that are in loadable, initialized
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data sections. If the file type in unrecognizable, or if strings is
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reading from stdin then it will always display all of the printable
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sequences that it can find.
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</p>
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<p>For backwards compatibility any file that occurs after a command line
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option of just <samp>-</samp> will also be scanned in full, regardless of
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the presence of any <samp>-d</samp> option.
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</p>
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<p><code>strings</code> is mainly useful for determining the contents of
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non-text files.
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</p>
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<dl compact="compact">
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<dt><code>-a</code></dt>
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<dt><code>--all</code></dt>
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<dt><code>-</code></dt>
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<dd><p>Scan the whole file, regardless of what sections it contains or
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whether those sections are loaded or initialized. Normally this is
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the default behaviour, but strings can be configured so that the
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<samp>-d</samp> is the default instead.
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</p>
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<p>The <samp>-</samp> option is position dependent and forces strings to
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perform full scans of any file that is mentioned after the <samp>-</samp>
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on the command line, even if the <samp>-d</samp> option has been
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specified.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><code>-d</code></dt>
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<dt><code>--data</code></dt>
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<dd><p>Only print strings from initialized, loaded data sections in the
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file. This may reduce the amount of garbage in the output, but it
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also exposes the strings program to any security flaws that may be
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present in the BFD library used to scan and load sections. Strings
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can be configured so that this option is the default behaviour. In
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such cases the <samp>-a</samp> option can be used to avoid using the BFD
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library and instead just print all of the strings found in the file.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><code>-f</code></dt>
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<dt><code>--print-file-name</code></dt>
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<dd><p>Print the name of the file before each string.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><code>--help</code></dt>
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<dd><p>Print a summary of the program usage on the standard output and exit.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><code>-<var>min-len</var></code></dt>
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<dt><code>-n <var>min-len</var></code></dt>
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<dt><code>--bytes=<var>min-len</var></code></dt>
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<dd><p>Print sequences of characters that are at least <var>min-len</var> characters
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long, instead of the default 4.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><code>-o</code></dt>
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<dd><p>Like ‘<samp>-t o</samp>’. Some other versions of <code>strings</code> have <samp>-o</samp>
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act like ‘<samp>-t d</samp>’ instead. Since we can not be compatible with both
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ways, we simply chose one.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><code>-t <var>radix</var></code></dt>
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<dt><code>--radix=<var>radix</var></code></dt>
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<dd><p>Print the offset within the file before each string. The single
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character argument specifies the radix of the offset—‘<samp>o</samp>’ for
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octal, ‘<samp>x</samp>’ for hexadecimal, or ‘<samp>d</samp>’ for decimal.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><code>-e <var>encoding</var></code></dt>
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<dt><code>--encoding=<var>encoding</var></code></dt>
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<dd><p>Select the character encoding of the strings that are to be found.
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Possible values for <var>encoding</var> are: ‘<samp>s</samp>’ = single-7-bit-byte
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characters (ASCII, ISO 8859, etc., default), ‘<samp>S</samp>’ =
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single-8-bit-byte characters, ‘<samp>b</samp>’ = 16-bit bigendian, ‘<samp>l</samp>’ =
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16-bit littleendian, ‘<samp>B</samp>’ = 32-bit bigendian, ‘<samp>L</samp>’ = 32-bit
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littleendian. Useful for finding wide character strings. (‘<samp>l</samp>’
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and ‘<samp>b</samp>’ apply to, for example, Unicode UTF-16/UCS-2 encodings).
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><code>-T <var>bfdname</var></code></dt>
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<dt><code>--target=<var>bfdname</var></code></dt>
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<dd><a name="index-object-code-format-3"></a>
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<p>Specify an object code format other than your system’s default format.
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See <a href="Target-Selection.html#Target-Selection">Target Selection</a>, for more information.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><code>-v</code></dt>
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<dt><code>-V</code></dt>
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<dt><code>--version</code></dt>
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<dd><p>Print the program version number on the standard output and exit.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><code>-w</code></dt>
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<dt><code>--include-all-whitespace</code></dt>
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<dd><p>By default tab and space characters are included in the strings that
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are displayed, but other whitespace characters, such a newlines and
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carriage returns, are not. The <samp>-w</samp> option changes this so
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that all whitespace characters are considered to be part of a string.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><code>-s</code></dt>
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<dt><code>--output-separator</code></dt>
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<dd><p>By default, output strings are delimited by a new-line. This option
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allows you to supply any string to be used as the output record
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separator. Useful with –include-all-whitespace where strings
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may contain new-lines internally.
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</p></dd>
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</dl>
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<hr>
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<div class="header">
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<p>
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Next: <a href="strip.html#strip" accesskey="n" rel="next">strip</a>, Previous: <a href="size.html#size" accesskey="p" rel="prev">size</a>, Up: <a href="index.html#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="Binutils-Index.html#Binutils-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
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