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2.2 KiB
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76 lines
2.2 KiB
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.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
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.. include:: ../disclaimer-zh_TW.rst
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:Original: :ref:`Documentation/process/programming-language.rst <programming_language>`
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:Translator: Alex Shi <alex.shi@linux.alibaba.com>
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Hu Haowen <src.res@email.cn>
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.. _tw_programming_language:
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程序設計語言
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============
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內核是用C語言 :ref:`c-language <tw_c-language>` 編寫的。更準確地說,內核通常是用 :ref:`gcc <tw_gcc>`
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在 ``-std=gnu11`` :ref:`gcc-c-dialect-options <tw_gcc-c-dialect-options>` 下編譯的:ISO C11的 GNU 方言
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這種方言包含對語言 :ref:`gnu-extensions <tw_gnu-extensions>` 的許多擴展,當然,它們許多都在內核中使用。
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對於一些體系結構,有一些使用 :ref:`clang <tw_clang>` 和 :ref:`icc <tw_icc>` 編譯內核
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的支持,儘管在編寫此文檔時還沒有完成,仍需要第三方補丁。
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屬性
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----
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在整個內核中使用的一個常見擴展是屬性(attributes) :ref:`gcc-attribute-syntax <tw_gcc-attribute-syntax>`
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屬性允許將實現定義的語義引入語言實體(如變量、函數或類型),而無需對語言進行
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重大的語法更改(例如添加新關鍵字) :ref:`n2049 <tw_n2049>`
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在某些情況下,屬性是可選的(即不支持這些屬性的編譯器仍然應該生成正確的代碼,
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即使其速度較慢或執行的編譯時檢查/診斷次數不夠)
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內核定義了僞關鍵字(例如, ``pure`` ),而不是直接使用GNU屬性語法(例如,
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``__attribute__((__pure__))`` ),以檢測可以使用哪些關鍵字和/或縮短代碼, 具體
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請參閱 ``include/linux/compiler_attributes.h``
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.. _tw_c-language:
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c-language
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http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/standards
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.. _tw_gcc:
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gcc
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https://gcc.gnu.org
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.. _tw_clang:
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clang
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https://clang.llvm.org
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.. _tw_icc:
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icc
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https://software.intel.com/en-us/c-compilers
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.. _tw_gcc-c-dialect-options:
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c-dialect-options
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https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/C-Dialect-Options.html
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.. _tw_gnu-extensions:
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gnu-extensions
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https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/C-Extensions.html
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.. _tw_gcc-attribute-syntax:
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gcc-attribute-syntax
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https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Attribute-Syntax.html
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.. _tw_n2049:
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n2049
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http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n2049.pdf
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