317 lines
14 KiB
Plaintext
317 lines
14 KiB
Plaintext
Sipeed MAIX-Bit Board
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=====================
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The Sipeed MAXI-Bit board is a dual-core RISC-V 64-bits board based on the
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Canaan Kendryte K210 SoC.
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Prerequisite
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------------
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In order to use the kflash utility to program this board, the user must have
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access to the board USB serial device file. The simplest way to do this is to
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add your user to the same group as this device file. Assume the device file is
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/dev/ttyUSB0, first identify the device group name. In most cases, it is
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either "dialout" or "uucp". Also verify that read-write access is enabled for
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the group:
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```
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$ ls -l /dev/ttyUSB0
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crw-rw---- 1 root dialout 188, 0 May 26 13:48 /dev/ttyUSB0
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```
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Then add yourself to that group (dialout in this example):
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```
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$ sudo usermod -a -G dialout $(whoami)
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```
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To enable the above, it is sometimes necessary to logout and login again.
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Buildroot Configuration
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-----------------------
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Two buildroot configuration files are provided:
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(1) Direct Linux Kernel Boot
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This is defined by the sipeed_maix_bit_defconfig configuration. This
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configuration allows building a bootable kernel image with a built-in initramfs
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root file system (the board SD card is not used). The built kernel image can be
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flashed directly to the board ROM for direct booting. No boot loader is
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required.
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(2) U-Boot SD-Card Boot
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The sipeed_maix_bit_sdcard_defconfig configuration allows building a kernel
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image with the root file system on the board SD card. U-Boot is used as the
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boot loader.
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Both configuration files will also compile and install the kflash and
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pyserial-miniterm host utilities to program bootable image files to the board
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and open a serial terminal console.
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Direct Linux Kernel Boot
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-------------------------
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Using the sipeed_maix_bit_defconfig configuration, the bootable kernel binary
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image is built as follows.
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```
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$ make sipeed_maix_bit_defconfig
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$ make
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```
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The bootable binary image is the output/images/loader.bin file. This image file
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can be written to the board boot ROM using the kflash utility.
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```
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$ output/host/bin/kflash -b 1500000 -p /dev/ttyUSB0 -t output/images/loader.bin
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```
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Once the kernel image file is fully programmed, a terminal console is open and
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the board can be rebooted by pressing the reset button on the board (if it does
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not reboot automatically).
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The output will be similar to the following.
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```
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[ 0.000000] Linux version 5.18.0 (foo@bar.com) (riscv64-buildroot-linux-uclibc-gcc.br_real (Buildroot 2022.02-560-g6a2b542a09-dirty) 10.3.0, GNU ld (GNU Binutils) 2.32) #2 SMP Thu Apr 21 14:30:02 JST 2022
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[ 0.000000] Machine model: SiPeed MAIX BiT
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[ 0.000000] earlycon: sifive0 at MMIO 0x0000000038000000 (options '115200n8')
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[ 0.000000] printk: bootconsole [sifive0] enabled
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[ 0.000000] Zone ranges:
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[ 0.000000] DMA32 [mem 0x0000000080000000-0x00000000807fffff]
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[ 0.000000] Normal empty
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[ 0.000000] Movable zone start for each node
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[ 0.000000] Early memory node ranges
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[ 0.000000] node 0: [mem 0x0000000080000000-0x00000000807fffff]
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[ 0.000000] Initmem setup node 0 [mem 0x0000000080000000-0x00000000807fffff]
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[ 0.000000] riscv: ISA extensions acdfim
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[ 0.000000] riscv: ELF capabilities acdfim
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[ 0.000000] percpu: max_distance=0x16000 too large for vmalloc space 0x0
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[ 0.000000] percpu: Embedded 11 pages/cpu s15264 r0 d29792 u45056
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[ 0.000000] percpu: wasting 10 pages per chunk
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[ 0.000000] Built 1 zonelists, mobility grouping off. Total pages: 2020
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[ 0.000000] Kernel command line: earlycon console=ttySIF0
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[ 0.000000] Dentry cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 1, 8192 bytes, linear)
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[ 0.000000] Inode-cache hash table entries: 512 (order: 0, 4096 bytes, linear)
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[ 0.000000] mem auto-init: stack:off, heap alloc:off, heap free:off
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[ 0.000000] Memory: 5996K/8192K available (964K kernel code, 137K rwdata, 205K rodata, 530K init, 66K bss, 2196K reserved, 0K cma-reserved)
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[ 0.000000] rcu: Hierarchical RCU implementation.
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[ 0.000000] rcu: RCU calculated value of scheduler-enlistment delay is 25 jiffies.
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[ 0.000000] NR_IRQS: 64, nr_irqs: 64, preallocated irqs: 0
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[ 0.000000] riscv-intc: 64 local interrupts mapped
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[ 0.000000] plic: interrupt-controller@c000000: mapped 65 interrupts with 2 handlers for 4 contexts.
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[ 0.000000] k210-clk: clock-controller: CPU running at 390 MHz
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[ 0.000000] clint: timer@2000000: timer running at 7800000 Hz
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[ 0.000000] clocksource: clint_clocksource: mask: 0xffffffffffffffff max_cycles: 0x3990be68b, max_idle_ns: 881590404272 ns
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[ 0.000001] sched_clock: 64 bits at 7MHz, resolution 128ns, wraps every 4398046511054ns
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[ 0.008188] Calibrating delay loop (skipped), value calculated using timer frequency.. 15.60 BogoMIPS (lpj=31200)
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[ 0.018250] pid_max: default: 4096 minimum: 301
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[ 0.022860] Mount-cache hash table entries: 512 (order: 0, 4096 bytes, linear)
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[ 0.029972] Mountpoint-cache hash table entries: 512 (order: 0, 4096 bytes, linear)
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[ 0.040244] rcu: Hierarchical SRCU implementation.
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[ 0.045121] smp: Bringing up secondary CPUs ...
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[ 0.050225] smp: Brought up 1 node, 2 CPUs
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[ 0.054355] devtmpfs: initialized
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[ 0.071168] clocksource: jiffies: mask: 0xffffffff max_cycles: 0xffffffff, max_idle_ns: 7645041785100000 ns
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[ 0.080240] pinctrl core: initialized pinctrl subsystem
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[ 0.119221] clocksource: Switched to clocksource clint_clocksource
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[ 0.131498] workingset: timestamp_bits=62 max_order=11 bucket_order=0
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[ 0.176943] k210-sysctl 50440000.syscon: K210 system controller
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[ 0.193558] k210-rst 50440000.syscon:reset-controller: K210 reset controller
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[ 0.201526] cacheinfo: Unable to detect cache hierarchy for CPU 0
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[ 0.211611] i2c_dev: i2c /dev entries driver
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[ 0.221375] k210-fpioa 502b0000.pinmux: K210 FPIOA pin controller
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[ 0.233591] 38000000.serial: ttySIF0 at MMIO 0x38000000 (irq = 1, base_baud = 115200) is a SiFive UART v0
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[ 0.242529] printk: console [ttySIF0] enabled
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[ 0.242529] printk: console [ttySIF0] enabled
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[ 0.251165] printk: bootconsole [sifive0] disabled
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[ 0.251165] printk: bootconsole [sifive0] disabled
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[ 0.274348] Freeing unused kernel image (initmem) memory: 524K
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[ 0.279504] This architecture does not have kernel memory protection.
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[ 0.285908] Run /init as init process
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__ _
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/ / (_) ____ _ _ __ __
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/ / | || _ \ | | | |\ \/ /
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/ /___| || | | || |_| | > <
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/_____/|_||_| |_| \____|/_/\_\
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64-bits RISC-V Kendryte K210 NOMMU
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/ #
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```
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To open a terminal console without re-flashing the board, the pyserial-miniterm
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host tool can be used.
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```
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$ output/host/bin/pyserial-miniterm --raw --eol=LF /dev/ttyUSB0 115200
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```
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The options "--raw" and "--eol=LF" are added here to avoid a double carriage
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return each time a command is entered.
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U-Boot SD-Card Boot
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-------------------
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The build procedure is similar to the direct Linux kernel boot case.
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```
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$ make sipeed_maix_bit_sdcard_defconfig
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$ make
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```
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The build process will generate two files under the output/images directory.
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* sdcard.img: The image file for the SD card filesystem. This image has 2
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partitions. The first partition is a vfat partition containing the kernel
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uImage and the board device tree binary. The second partition is the root
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filesystem with busybox installed. The second partition is formatted using
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ext2 (rev1).
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* uboot.bin: U-Boot bootable binary to load and boot the kernel from the SD
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card.
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The SD card can be prepared by writing the sdcard.img file, as follows.
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```
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$ sudo dd if=output/images/sdcard.img of=/dev/sdX bs=1M
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$ sync
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$ eject /dev/sdX
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```
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Where /dev/sdX is the device file name of the SD card. Once completed, the SD
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card can be inserted into the board and the U-Boot binary image written to the
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board boot flash using the kflash utility.
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```
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$ output/host/bin/kflash -b 1500000 -p /dev/ttyUSB0 -t output/images/u-boot.bin
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```
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The above command will program U-Boot image to the board boot ROM and open a
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terminal console once the u-boot.bin file is fully programmed. Reboot into the
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newly programmed environment by pressing the board reset button.
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The output will be similar to the following.
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```
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U-Boot 2022.04 (May 24 2022 - 17:08:34 +0900)
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DRAM: 8 MiB
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Core: 34 devices, 17 uclasses, devicetree: separate
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WDT: Not starting watchdog@50400000
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MMC: spi@53000000:slot@0: 0
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Loading Environment from SPIFlash... SF: Detected gd25lq128 with page size 256 Bytes, erase size 4 KiB, total 16 MiB
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*** Warning - bad CRC, using default environment
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In: serial@38000000
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Out: serial@38000000
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Err: serial@38000000
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Hit any key to stop autoboot: 0
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1668562 bytes read in 933 ms (1.7 MiB/s)
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10468 bytes read in 11 ms (928.7 KiB/s)
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## Booting kernel from Legacy Image at 80060000 ...
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Image Name: Linux
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Image Type: RISC-V Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)
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Data Size: 1668498 Bytes = 1.6 MiB
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Load Address: 80000000
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Entry Point: 80000000
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Verifying Checksum ... OK
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## Flattened Device Tree blob at 80400000
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Booting using the fdt blob at 0x80400000
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Loading Kernel Image
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Loading Device Tree to 00000000803fa000, end 00000000803ff8e3 ... OK
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Starting kernel ...
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[ 0.000000] Linux version 5.18.0 (foo@bar.com) (riscv64-buildroot-linux-uclibc-gcc.br_real (Buildroot 2022.02-1056-gc356b62332) 10.3.0, GNU ld (GNU Binutils) 2.37) #1 SMP Tue May 24 06:45:04 JST 2022
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[ 0.000000] Machine model: SiPeed MAIX BiT
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[ 0.000000] earlycon: sifive0 at MMIO 0x0000000038000000 (options '115200n8')
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[ 0.000000] printk: bootconsole [sifive0] enabled
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[ 0.000000] Zone ranges:
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[ 0.000000] DMA32 [mem 0x0000000080000000-0x00000000807fffff]
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[ 0.000000] Normal empty
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[ 0.000000] Movable zone start for each node
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[ 0.000000] Early memory node ranges
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[ 0.000000] node 0: [mem 0x0000000080000000-0x00000000807fffff]
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[ 0.000000] Initmem setup node 0 [mem 0x0000000080000000-0x00000000807fffff]
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[ 0.000000] riscv: base ISA extensions acdfim
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[ 0.000000] riscv: ELF capabilities acdfim
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[ 0.000000] percpu: max_distance=0x16000 too large for vmalloc space 0x0
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[ 0.000000] percpu: Embedded 11 pages/cpu s15648 r0 d29408 u45056
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[ 0.000000] percpu: wasting 10 pages per chunk
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[ 0.000000] Built 1 zonelists, mobility grouping off. Total pages: 2020
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[ 0.000000] Kernel command line: earlycon console=ttySIF0 root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 rootwait ro
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[ 0.000000] Dentry cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 1, 8192 bytes, linear)
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[ 0.000000] Inode-cache hash table entries: 512 (order: 0, 4096 bytes, linear)
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[ 0.000000] mem auto-init: stack:off, heap alloc:off, heap free:off
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[ 0.000000] Memory: 6204K/8192K available (1134K kernel code, 150K rwdata, 239K rodata, 100K init, 68K bss, 1988K reserved, 0K cma-reserved)
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[ 0.000000] rcu: Hierarchical RCU implementation.
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[ 0.000000] rcu: RCU calculated value of scheduler-enlistment delay is 25 jiffies.
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[ 0.000000] NR_IRQS: 64, nr_irqs: 64, preallocated irqs: 0
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[ 0.000000] riscv-intc: 64 local interrupts mapped
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[ 0.000000] plic: interrupt-controller@c000000: mapped 65 interrupts with 2 handlers for 4 contexts.
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[ 0.000000] k210-clk: clock-controller: CPU running at 390 MHz
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[ 0.000000] clint: timer@2000000: timer running at 7800000 Hz
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[ 0.000000] clocksource: clint_clocksource: mask: 0xffffffffffffffff max_cycles: 0x3990be68b, max_idle_ns: 881590404272 ns
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[ 0.000001] sched_clock: 64 bits at 7MHz, resolution 128ns, wraps every 4398046511054ns
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[ 0.008194] Calibrating delay loop (skipped), value calculated using timer frequency.. 15.60 BogoMIPS (lpj=31200)
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[ 0.018257] pid_max: default: 4096 minimum: 301
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[ 0.022869] Mount-cache hash table entries: 512 (order: 0, 4096 bytes, linear)
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[ 0.029982] Mountpoint-cache hash table entries: 512 (order: 0, 4096 bytes, linear)
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[ 0.040424] rcu: Hierarchical SRCU implementation.
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[ 0.045397] smp: Bringing up secondary CPUs ...
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[ 0.050518] smp: Brought up 1 node, 2 CPUs
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[ 0.054676] devtmpfs: initialized
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[ 0.072365] clocksource: jiffies: mask: 0xffffffff max_cycles: 0xffffffff, max_idle_ns: 7645041785100000 ns
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[ 0.081396] pinctrl core: initialized pinctrl subsystem
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[ 0.123762] clocksource: Switched to clocksource clint_clocksource
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[ 0.136796] workingset: timestamp_bits=62 max_order=11 bucket_order=0
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[ 0.181768] k210-sysctl 50440000.syscon: K210 system controller
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[ 0.198397] k210-rst 50440000.syscon:reset-controller: K210 reset controller
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[ 0.207373] cacheinfo: Unable to detect cache hierarchy for CPU 0
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[ 0.218270] spi spi1.0: setup: ignoring unsupported mode bits a00
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[ 0.224786] i2c_dev: i2c /dev entries driver
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[ 0.235984] k210-fpioa 502b0000.pinmux: K210 FPIOA pin controller
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[ 0.249172] 38000000.serial: ttySIF0 at MMIO 0x38000000 (irq = 1, base_baud = 115200) is a SiFive UART v0
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[ 0.258078] printk: console [ttySIF0] enabled
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[ 0.258078] printk: console [ttySIF0] enabled
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[ 0.266707] printk: bootconsole [sifive0] disabled
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[ 0.266707] printk: bootconsole [sifive0] disabled
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[ 0.307910] mmc_spi spi3.0: SD/MMC host mmc0, no WP, no poweroff, cd polling
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[ 0.319869] Waiting for root device /dev/mmcblk0p2...
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[ 0.345016] mmc0: host does not support reading read-only switch, assuming write-enable
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[ 0.352330] mmc0: new SDHC card on SPI
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[ 0.359338] mmcblk0: mmc0:0000 SA16G 14.5 GiB
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[ 0.367589] random: fast init done
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[ 0.371533] mmcblk0: p1 p2
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[ 0.391794] random: get_random_bytes called from 0x0000000080095ae8 with crng_init=1
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[ 0.393388] VFS: Mounted root (ext2 filesystem) readonly on device 179:2.
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[ 0.411377] devtmpfs: mounted
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[ 0.413922] Freeing unused kernel image (initmem) memory: 96K
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[ 0.419344] This architecture does not have kernel memory protection.
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[ 0.425777] Run /sbin/init as init process
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[ 0.718314] random: crng init done
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[ 0.799903] init (1): drop_caches: 3
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__ _
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/ / (_) ____ _ _ __ __
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/ / | || _ \ | | | |\ \/ /
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/ /___| || | | || |_| | > <
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/_____/|_||_| |_| \____|/_/\_\
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64-bits RISC-V Kendryte K210 NOMMU
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/ #
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```
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Of note is that the kernel mounts the SD card as read-only by default to avoid
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corruptions of the ext2 root file system when the board is powered down. This
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is recommended as this board does not support clean shutdown or halt.
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Similarly to the initramfs build case, a console can be open without
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re-flashing the board using the host tool pyserial-miniterm.
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```
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$ output/host/bin/pyserial-miniterm --raw --eol=LF /dev/ttyUSB0 115200
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```
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