150 lines
6.7 KiB
Plaintext
150 lines
6.7 KiB
Plaintext
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Canaan KD233 Board
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==================
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The Canaan KD233 is a dual-core RISC-V 64-bits board based on the Canaan
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Kendryte K210 SoC.
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Prerequisite
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------------
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In order to use the kflash utility to program this board, the user must have
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access to the board USB serial device file. The simplest way to do this is to
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add your user to the same group as this device file. Assume the device file is
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/dev/ttyUSB0, first identify the device group name. In most cases, it is
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either "dialout" or "uucp". Also verify that read-write access is enabled for
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the group:
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```
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$ ls -l /dev/ttyUSB0
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crw-rw---- 1 root dialout 188, 0 May 26 13:48 /dev/ttyUSB0
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```
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Then add yourself to that group (dialout in this example):
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```
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$ sudo usermod -a -G dialout $(whoami)
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```
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To enable the above, it is sometimes necessary to logout and login again.
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Buildroot Configuration
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-----------------------
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Unlike other K210 based boards (Sipeed boards), U-Boot does not work on the
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KD233 board due to the different wiring for the SD-Card mmc controller. As such,
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the KD233 board can only be used by directly booting into Linux Kernel.
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buildroot can be configured to do so using the canaan_kd233_defconfig
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configuration file. This configuration allows building a bootable kernel image
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with a built-in initramfs root file system (the board SD card is not used). The
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built kernel image can be flashed directly to the board ROM for direct booting.
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No boot loader is required.
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Once booted, the on-board SD card can be used by Linux.
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The configuration file will also compile and install the kflash and
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pyserial-miniterm host utilities to program bootable image files to the board
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and open a serial terminal console.
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Direct Linux Kernel Boot
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-------------------------
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Using the canaan_kd233_defconfig configuration, the bootable kernel binary image
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is built as follows.
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```
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$ make canaan_kd233_defconfig
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$ make
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```
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The bootable binary image is the output/images/loader.bin file. This image file
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can be written to the board boot flash using the kflash utility.
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```
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$ output/host/bin/kflash -b 1500000 -p /dev/ttyUSB0 -t output/images/loader.bin
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```
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Once the kernel image file is fully programmed, a terminal console is open and
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the board can be rebooted by pressing the reset button on the board (if it does
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not reboot automatically).
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The output will be similar to the following.
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```
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[ 0.000000] Linux version 5.17.0 (foo@bar.com) (riscv64-buildroot-linux-uclibc-gcc.br_real (Buildroot 2022.02-560-g6a2b542a09-dirty) 10.3.0, GNU ld (GNU Binutils) 2.32) #2 SMP Thu Apr 21 16:40:44 JST 2022
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[ 0.000000] Machine model: Kendryte KD233
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[ 0.000000] earlycon: sifive0 at MMIO 0x0000000038000000 (options '115200n8')
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[ 0.000000] printk: bootconsole [sifive0] enabled
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[ 0.000000] Zone ranges:
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[ 0.000000] DMA32 [mem 0x0000000080000000-0x00000000807fffff]
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[ 0.000000] Normal empty
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[ 0.000000] Movable zone start for each node
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[ 0.000000] Early memory node ranges
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[ 0.000000] node 0: [mem 0x0000000080000000-0x00000000807fffff]
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[ 0.000000] Initmem setup node 0 [mem 0x0000000080000000-0x00000000807fffff]
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[ 0.000000] riscv: ISA extensions acdfim
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[ 0.000000] riscv: ELF capabilities acdfim
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[ 0.000000] percpu: max_distance=0x16000 too large for vmalloc space 0x0
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[ 0.000000] percpu: Embedded 11 pages/cpu s15264 r0 d29792 u45056
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[ 0.000000] percpu: wasting 10 pages per chunk
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[ 0.000000] Built 1 zonelists, mobility grouping off. Total pages: 2020
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[ 0.000000] Kernel command line: earlycon console=ttySIF0
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[ 0.000000] Dentry cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 1, 8192 bytes, linear)
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[ 0.000000] Inode-cache hash table entries: 512 (order: 0, 4096 bytes, linear)
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[ 0.000000] mem auto-init: stack:off, heap alloc:off, heap free:off
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[ 0.000000] Memory: 5984K/8192K available (964K kernel code, 137K rwdata, 205K rodata, 546K init, 66K bss, 2208K reserved, 0K cma-reserved)
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[ 0.000000] rcu: Hierarchical RCU implementation.
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[ 0.000000] rcu: RCU calculated value of scheduler-enlistment delay is 25 jiffies.
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[ 0.000000] NR_IRQS: 64, nr_irqs: 64, preallocated irqs: 0
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[ 0.000000] riscv-intc: 64 local interrupts mapped
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[ 0.000000] plic: interrupt-controller@c000000: mapped 65 interrupts with 2 handlers for 4 contexts.
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[ 0.000000] k210-clk: clock-controller: CPU running at 390 MHz
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[ 0.000000] clint: timer@2000000: timer running at 7800000 Hz
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[ 0.000000] clocksource: clint_clocksource: mask: 0xffffffffffffffff max_cycles: 0x3990be68b, max_idle_ns: 881590404272 ns
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[ 0.000001] sched_clock: 64 bits at 7MHz, resolution 128ns, wraps every 4398046511054ns
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[ 0.008178] Calibrating delay loop (skipped), value calculated using timer frequency.. 15.60 BogoMIPS (lpj=31200)
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[ 0.018251] pid_max: default: 4096 minimum: 301
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[ 0.022861] Mount-cache hash table entries: 512 (order: 0, 4096 bytes, linear)
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[ 0.029971] Mountpoint-cache hash table entries: 512 (order: 0, 4096 bytes, linear)
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[ 0.040234] rcu: Hierarchical SRCU implementation.
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[ 0.045110] smp: Bringing up secondary CPUs ...
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[ 0.050211] smp: Brought up 1 node, 2 CPUs
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[ 0.054340] devtmpfs: initialized
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[ 0.070401] clocksource: jiffies: mask: 0xffffffff max_cycles: 0xffffffff, max_idle_ns: 7645041785100000 ns
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[ 0.079473] pinctrl core: initialized pinctrl subsystem
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[ 0.117795] clocksource: Switched to clocksource clint_clocksource
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[ 0.130245] workingset: timestamp_bits=62 max_order=11 bucket_order=0
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[ 0.176925] k210-sysctl 50440000.syscon: K210 system controller
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[ 0.192947] k210-rst 50440000.syscon:reset-controller: K210 reset controller
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[ 0.200870] cacheinfo: Unable to detect cache hierarchy for CPU 0
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[ 0.210947] i2c_dev: i2c /dev entries driver
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[ 0.220535] k210-fpioa 502b0000.pinmux: K210 FPIOA pin controller
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[ 0.232253] 38000000.serial: ttySIF0 at MMIO 0x38000000 (irq = 1, base_baud = 115200) is a SiFive UART v0
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[ 0.241202] printk: console [ttySIF0] enabled
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[ 0.241202] printk: console [ttySIF0] enabled
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[ 0.249818] printk: bootconsole [sifive0] disabled
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[ 0.249818] printk: bootconsole [sifive0] disabled
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[ 0.261664] panel@0 enforce active low on chipselect handle
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[ 0.275950] Freeing unused kernel image (initmem) memory: 540K
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[ 0.281098] This architecture does not have kernel memory protection.
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[ 0.287520] Run /init as init process
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__ _
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/ / (_) ____ _ _ __ __
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/ / | || _ \ | | | |\ \/ /
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/ /___| || | | || |_| | > <
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/_____/|_||_| |_| \____|/_/\_\
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64-bits RISC-V Kendryte K210 NOMMU
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/ #
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```
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To open a terminal console without re-flashing the board, the pyserial-miniterm
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host tool can be used.
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```
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$ output/host/bin/pyserial-miniterm --raw --eol=LF /dev/ttyUSB0 115200
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```
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The options "--raw" and "--eol=LF" are added here to avoid a double carriage
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return each time a command is entered.
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